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Similar to many fluid properties, confinement greatly alters the dielectric response of polar liquids. Many studies have focused on the reduction of the dielectric response of water under confinement. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, statistical-mechanical theories, and multiscale methods, we study the out-of-plane (z-axis) dielectric response of protic and aprotic fluids confined inside slit-like graphene channels. We show that the reduction in perpendicular permittivity is universal for all the fluids and exhibits a Langevin-like behavior as a function of channel width. We show that this reduction is due to the favorable in-plane (x\u2013y plane) dipole\u2013dipole electrostatic interactions of the interfacial fluid layer. Furthermore, we observe an anomalously low dielectric response under an extreme confinement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c03173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T15:50:24Z","timestamp":1600876224000},"page":"12761-12770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Universal\nReduction in Dielectric Response of Confined\nFluids"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0728-2966","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad\nH.","family":"Motevaselian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana\u2212Champaign , , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-7837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Narayana R.","family":"Aluru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana\u2212Champaign , , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081718251962500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08789-8","article-title":"Negative Dielectric\nConstant of Water Confined in Nanosheets","volume":"10","author":"Sugahara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat.\nCommun."},{"key":"2026081718251962500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5958","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cc10935a","article-title":"Role of Solvents\nin Coordination Supramolecular Systems","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem.\nCommun."},{"key":"2026081718251962500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00863a002","article-title":"Thermodynamics\nof Ion Hydration as a Measure of Effective Dielectric Properties of\nWater","volume":"84","author":"Noyes","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. 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