{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:32:18Z","timestamp":1791347538873,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JJ40543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40543"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JJ6425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ6425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014472","name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23B0140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23B0140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22204136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22204136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62225101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62225101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62404193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62404193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Opening Foundation of National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Environment Pollution Monitoring","award":["2024KFJJ0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KFJJ0105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The urgent need for portable, sensitive, and accurate techniques to analyze multiple antibiotics is critical to mitigating the health risks associated with low-dose antibiotics coexposure-induced drug resistance, especially in infants. Emerging field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors are expected to realize the above requirement, but face challenges in terms of sensitivity and selectivity for complex solutions in practical applications. Here, we introduce a small-molecule coating strategy on carbon nanotube (CNT)-FET biosensor arrays to simultaneously block nonspecific adsorption and minimize Debye shielding effects, coupled with aptamer for antibiotics recognition through inkjet printing technology, which significantly improves the selectivity and sensitivity. The developed portable detection system with the FET biosensor chip displayed an ultrafast response time of 100 s, high sensitivity at the femtomolar level for both simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple antibiotics (kanamycin, oxytetracycline, and sulfaquinoxaline), a wide linear range from femtomolar to nanomolar concentrations, and exceptional accuracy, with a recovery rate of 91.1 to 107.5%. This work presents a biosensor array that can quantify various antibiotics at extremely low concentrations in milk samples, is superior to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and can also be applied for the detection of other biomarkers, such as toxins and hormones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T13:17:16Z","timestamp":1741958236000},"page":"11358-11370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Small-Molecule\nSelf-Assembly Strategy for Ultrafast,\nSensitive, and Portable Multiplexed Antibiotics Detection by Transistor\nBiosensor Arrays"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan University , , , ,","place":["Xiangtan, Hunan, China, 411105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan University , , , ,","place":["Xiangtan, Hunan, China, 411105"]},{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100871"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan University , , , ,","place":["Xiangtan, Hunan, China, 411105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan University , , , ,","place":["Xiangtan, Hunan, China, 411105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan University , , , ,","place":["Xiangtan, Hunan, China, 411105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7416-4452","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan University , , , ,","place":["Xiangtan, Hunan, China, 411105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1530-865X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taiping","family":"Qing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan University , , , ,","place":["Xiangtan, Hunan, China, 411105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0447-5658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan University , , , ,","place":["Xiangtan, Hunan, China, 411105"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1622-3447","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan University , , , ,","place":["Xiangtan, Hunan, China, 411105"]},{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100871"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10442","key":"2026081813200849200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00876-6","article-title":"The Scope\nof the Antimicrobial Resistance Challenge","volume":"403","author":"Okeke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081813200849200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00139-23","article-title":"Challenges\nfor Global Antibiotic Regimen Planning and Establishing\nAntimicrobial Resistance Targets: Implications for the WHO Essential\nMedicines List and AWaRe Antibiotic Book Dosing","volume":"37","author":"Reza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081813200849200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5158","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01213","article-title":"How to Enter\na Bacterium: Bacterial Porins and the Permeation of Antibiotics","volume":"121","author":"Prajapati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081813200849200_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00351-x","article-title":"Metabolic\nMechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance","volume":"22","author":"Clyde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev.\nGenet."},{"key":"2026081813200849200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.130074","article-title":"Microbiological\nInhibition-based method for Screening and Identifying of Antibiotic\nResidues in Milk, Chicken Egg and Honey","volume":"363","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food\nChem."},{"key":"2026081813200849200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2012.03.020","article-title":"Advances\nin the Determination of\n\u03b2-lactam Antibiotics by Liquid Chromatography","volume":"38","author":"Lara","year":"2012","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026081813200849200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117849","article-title":"Multifarious\nBiosensors\nfor Highly Efficient Bleomycin Detection: Recent Trends, Different\nMethods, and Future Directions","volume":"178","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends\nAnal. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081813200849200_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13090867","article-title":"Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Antibiotics\nin Milk: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081813200849200_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c00208","article-title":"Improving the Sensitivity of Nanofibrous Membrane-Based\nELISA for On-Site Antibiotics Detection","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS\nSens."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026081813200849200_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202203224","article-title":"Integrated Urinalysis Devices Based\non Interface-Engineered Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors Incorporated\nWith Electronic Circuits","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081813200849200_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32749-4","article-title":"Integrated Biosensor Platform Based\non Graphene Transistor Arrays for Real-time High-accuracy Ion Sensing","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026081813200849200_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2021.107982","article-title":"Carbon Nanotube\nField-effect Transistor\n(CNT-FET)-based Biosensor for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)\nSurface Spike Protein S1","volume":"143","author":"Zamzami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081813200849200_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8095","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00044","article-title":"Nonspecific\nBinding\ue5f8Fundamental\nConcepts and Consequences for Biosensing Applications","volume":"121","author":"Frutiger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"42","key":"2026081813200849200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16772","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b07105","article-title":"Impact of Antifouling\nPEG Layer on the Performance of Functional Peptides in Regulating\nCell Behaviors","volume":"141","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081813200849200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0566-z","article-title":"An Antifouling\nCoating that Enables Affinity-based Electrochemical Biosensing in\nComplex Biological Fluids","volume":"14","author":"del\nRi\u0301o","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081813200849200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c00281","article-title":"Click Conjugation\nof Zwitterionic Peptide with DNA Strand: An Efficient Antifouling\nStrategy for Versatile Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026081813200849200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.140490","article-title":"Poly Oligonucleotides\nAntifouling Interface with Highly Specific Response of Multi-biomarkers\nin serum: Anti-fouling Mechanisms and Influencing Factors","volume":"454","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"41","key":"2026081813200849200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202308971","article-title":"Zwitterionic\nPolymeric Sulfur Ylides with Minimal Charge Separation Open a New\nGeneration of Antifouling and Bactericidal Materials","volume":"62","author":"Berking","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026081813200849200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133455","article-title":"A graphdiyne-based\nProtein Molecularly Imprinted Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Human\nC-reactive Protein Detection in Human Serum","volume":"431","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026081813200849200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202405212","article-title":"Electrochemical\nand Field Effect Transistor Dual-Mode Biosensor Chip for Label-Free\nDetection of Cytokine Storm Biomarker with High Sensitivity within\na Wide Range","volume":"34","author":"Ouyang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081813200849200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.202000584","article-title":"Overcome Debye Length\nLimitations for Biomolecule Sensing Based on Field Effective Transistors\u2020","volume":"39","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081813200849200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24122-8","article-title":"Ionic Contrast Across\na Lipid Membrane for Debye Length Extension:\nTowards an Ultimate Bioelectronic Transducer","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081813200849200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0302-282","article-title":"An Electrical\nProbe of Protein\u2013DNA\nInteractions on DNA-modified Surfaces","volume":"20","author":"Boon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat.\nBiotechnol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081813200849200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c00995","article-title":"Incorporating Hydrophobic Moieties into Self-Assembled\nMonolayers to Enable Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors Deployed\nDirectly in a Complex Matrix","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"issue":"7227","key":"2026081813200849200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)91420-4","article-title":"Studies With Kanamycin Sulphate","volume":"279","author":"Murdoch","year":"1962","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081813200849200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8664","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c22224","article-title":"Modulation Doping for\nThreshold Voltage Control in Organic Field-Effect Transistors","volume":"13","author":"Lashkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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Eng."},{"key":"2026081813200849200_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2020.102141","article-title":"Superhydrophilicity and Strong Salt-affinity:\nZwitterionic Polymer\nGrafted Surfaces with Significant Potentials Particularly in Biological\nSystems","volume":"278","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081813200849200_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5849","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c00085","article-title":"Exploring End-Group\nEffect of Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers\non Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors in Biological Fluids","volume":"93","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081813200849200_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.3c02150","article-title":"Recent Advances\nin Antifouling Surface\nPolymer Brushes","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. 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