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Though full switching of Mn3Sn AFM order has been achieved in the epitaxial film prepared by molecular beam epitaxy, the switching rate (\u03be) of sputtered Mn3Sn films has been mostly limited to 40% due to crystalline imperfections. Herein, our study reports how the Mn-deficiency affects SOT switching behavior. We find that controlling Mn composition through the co-sputtering method not only eliminates secondary phases and stabilizes the Mn3Sn phase but also naturally controls the interfacial conditions in the sputtered W\/Mn3Sn bilayers. These improvements lead to coherent crystallinity with an atomically sharper interface, resulting in 100% switching of the magnetic cluster octupole of Mn3Sn. Our findings provide ways for optimizing the spin\u2013orbit torque switching efficiency of Mn3Sn-based devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c12003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T13:21:41Z","timestamp":1762780901000},"page":"39747-39756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Full Spin\u2013Orbit\nTorque Switching of the Magnetic\nCluster Octupole in Mn3Sn\/W Bilayer via Interface Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7799-7952","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Siha","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulsan , , ,","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 44610"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunji","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulsan , , ,","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 44610"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subin","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , ,","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea, 16419"]},{"name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]},{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , ,","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea, 16419"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8915-7746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Changgu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , ,","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea, 16419"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Komiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University , , ,","place":["Uji, Japan, 611-0011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1199-8438","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yoichi","family":"Shiota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University , , ,","place":["Uji, Japan, 611-0011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University , , ,","place":["Uji, Japan, 611-0011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyongmo","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chungbuk National University , , ,","place":["Cheongju, Republic of Korea, 28644"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1382-7088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyoung-Whan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03722"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh-Huong Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulsan , , ,","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 44610"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4577-8866","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanghoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ulsan , , ,","place":["Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 44610"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026111006132546700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.90.015005","article-title":"Antiferromagnetic spintronics","volume":"90","author":"Baltz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. 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