{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:14:26Z","timestamp":1792797266370,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB031022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB031022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems hold great promise for cancer treatment. However, designing efficient NP formulations for clinical usage remains a challenge. This study created a \u201cNano-PKPD Database\u201d by curating pharmacokinetic (PK) data on NP tumor delivery and tissue biodistribution, as well as pharmacodynamic (PD) data on tumor volume changes in tumor-bearing mice. Various machine learning (ML) models were developed to explore the PK\u2013PD relationship and predict antitumor efficacy based on NP physicochemical properties, experimental strategies, and PK metrics. The current database contains 611 data sets from 345 papers on NP time-dependent concentrations in tumors and major organs. The median delivery efficiency was 0.70 percentage of injected dose (%ID) in tumors, 0.17%ID (heart), 10.72%ID (liver), 0.59%ID (spleen), 0.33%ID (lung), and 0.96%ID (kidney). In addition, 833 data sets from 340 papers on time-dependent tumor volume changes were collected, where the median tumor growth inhibition was 63.12%. A total of 18 ML models were developed, where tree-based models achieved the best discriminative performance. The use of assistive technology, zeta potential, and targeting strategy were the top 3 features related to antitumor efficacy. This study reports an open-access database and multiple ML models for PK\u2013PD investigation, facilitating nanomedicine design and accelerating clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c02730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:36:22Z","timestamp":1785854182000},"page":"22485-22504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of Pharmacokinetic\u2013Pharmacodynamic\nRelationships of Nanoparticles against Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Mi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]},{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiran","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]},{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]},{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunla","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]},{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32608"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Monteiro-Riviere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas State University , , , ,","place":["Manhattan, Kansas, United States, 66506"]},{"name":"North Carolina State University , , , ,","place":["Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, 27606"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim E.","family":"Riviere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University , , , ,","place":["Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, 27606"]},{"name":"Kansas State University , , , ,","place":["Olathe, Kansas, United States, 66061"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8731-8366","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhoumeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]},{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0090-8","article-title":"Engineering Precision Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery","volume":"20","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0567-y","article-title":"Smart Cancer Nanomedicine","volume":"14","author":"van der Meel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2022.12.001","article-title":"Cancer Nanomedicine toward Clinical Translation: Obstacles, Opportunities,\nand Future Prospects","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081810300647400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16014","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.14","article-title":"Analysis\nof Nanoparticle Delivery\nto Tumours","volume":"1","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19810","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c04037","article-title":"Meta-Analysis\nof Nanoparticle\nDistribution in Tumors and Major Organs in Tumor-Bearing Mice","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b08142","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of Nanoparticle\nDelivery to Tumors Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling\nand Simulation Approach","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105200","article-title":"Boosting Antitumor\nEfficacy of Nanoparticles by Modulating Tumor Mechanical Microenvironment","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14605","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00484","article-title":"Design Considerations for Organ-Selective\nNanoparticles","volume":"19","author":"Baek","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00337-5","article-title":"Nanoparticle\nSynthesis Assisted by Machine Learning","volume":"6","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat.\nRev. Mater."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54265-3","article-title":"Rational Strategies for Improving\nthe Efficiency of Design and Discovery of Nanomedicines","volume":"15","author":"Shan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo2626","article-title":"An Artificial Intelligence\nEnabled Chemical Synthesis\nRobot for Exploration and Optimization of Nanomaterials","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.07.040","article-title":"An Artificial Intelligence-Assisted\nPhysiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict Nanoparticle\nDelivery to Tumors in Mice","volume":"361","author":"Chou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.08.015","article-title":"Predicting\nTissue Distribution and\nTumor Delivery of Nanoparticles in Mice Using Machine Learning Models","volume":"374","author":"Mi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01673-7","article-title":"A Large-Scale Machine Learning Analysis\nof Inorganic Nanoparticles in Preclinical Cancer Research","volume":"19","author":"Mendes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21538","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c03590","article-title":"Rational Design of Safer Inorganic\nNanoparticles Via Mechanistic Modeling-Informed Machine Learning","volume":"19","author":"Cave","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S344208","article-title":"Predicting Nanoparticle Delivery to Tumors Using Machine\nLearning and Artificial Intelligence Approaches","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-025-00847-2","article-title":"Advancing Engineering Design Strategies\nfor Targeted Cancer Nanomedicine","volume":"25","author":"Gomerdinger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev.\nCancer"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c06186","article-title":"In Vitro-to-in Vivo\nExtrapolation on Lung Toxicity Induced by Metal Oxide Nanoparticles\nVia Data-Mining","volume":"59","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm5551","article-title":"Massively\nParallel Pooled Screening Reveals Genomic\nDeterminants of Nanoparticle Delivery","volume":"377","author":"Boehnke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"30","key":"2026081810300647400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202503138","article-title":"Machine Learning-Enhanced\nNanoparticle Design for Precision Cancer Drug Delivery","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114708","article-title":"Nanoparticle Biodistribution Coefficients: A Quantitative\nApproach for Understanding the Tissue Distribution of Nanoparticles","volume":"194","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery Rev."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.09.063","article-title":"Drug Targeting to Tumors:\nPrinciples, Pitfalls and (Pre-) Clinical Progress","volume":"161","author":"Lammers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0016","DOI":"10.34133\/bmef.0016","article-title":"Principles\nof Nanoparticle Delivery to Solid Tumors","volume":"4","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"BME\nFront"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00153-w","article-title":"Artificial Urinary Biomarker Probes for Diagnosis","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3330","article-title":"Principles of Nanoparticle\nDesign\nfor Overcoming Biological Barriers to Drug Delivery","volume":"33","author":"Blanco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-0669-6","article-title":"Selective\nOrgan Targeting (SORT) Nanoparticles for Tissue-Specific Mrna Delivery\nand CRISPR\u2013Cas Gene Editing","volume":"15","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.12.028","article-title":"Applications and Challenges\nof Ultra-Small Particle Size Nanoparticles\nin Tumor Therapy","volume":"353","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-01932-1","article-title":"Analysis\nof Multi-Drug Cancer Nanomedicine","volume":"20","author":"Benderski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5665","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM00424G","article-title":"Delivery of\nNovel Coumarin-Dihydropyrimidinone Conjugates through Mixed Polymeric\nNanoparticles to Potentiate Therapeutic Efficacy against Triple-Negative\nBreast Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133063","article-title":"Hyaluronic\nAcid Nanoparticles for Targeted Oral Delivery of Doxorubicin: Lymphatic\nTransport and CD44 Engagement","volume":"273","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol.\nMacromol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121440","article-title":"Targeted Therapeutic\nEffects of Oral Inulin-Modified\nDouble-Layered Nanoparticles Containing Chemotherapeutics on Orthotopic\nColon Cancer","volume":"283","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1007\/s10118-022-2726-0","article-title":"Intestine Enzyme-Responsive Polysaccharide-Based\nHydrogel to Open Epithelial Tight Junctions for Oral Delivery of Imatinib\nagainst Colon Cancer","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00866-6","article-title":"Surface-Engineered\nNanostructured Lipid Carrier Systems for Synergistic Combination Oncotherapy\nof Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Rawal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Delivery\nTransl. Res."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.06.012","article-title":"Nanomedicine\nof Synergistic Drug Combinations for Cancer Therapy - Strategies and\nPerspectives","volume":"240","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.108","article-title":"Cancer\nNanomedicine: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00138-1","article-title":"Controlling the Biodistribution and\nClearance of Nanomedicines","volume":"2","author":"Cabral","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121021","article-title":"Magnetothermal\nRegulation of in Vivo Protein Corona Formation on\nMagnetic Nanoparticles for Improved Cancer Nanotherapy","volume":"276","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112311","article-title":"Magnetic\nand GRPR-Targeted Reduced Graphene Oxide\/Doxorubicin Nanocomposite\nfor Dual-Targeted Chemo-Photothermal Cancer Therapy","volume":"128","author":"Dash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122373","article-title":"Hybrid Ultrasound-Activated Nanoparticles\nBased on Graphene Quantum Dots for Cancer Treatment","volume":"629","author":"Ramedani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7307","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S464981","article-title":"Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles\nfor Calcium Overload in Situ Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Oncotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12836","article-title":"Growth-Rate Model Predicts in Vivo Tumor Response from\nin Vitro Data","volume":"11","author":"Diegmiller","year":"2022","journal-title":"CPT: pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00960-0","article-title":"An Integrated\nPK\/PD Model Investigating the Impact of Tumor Size and Systemic Safety\non Animal Survival in SW1990 Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft","volume":"44","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c09664","article-title":"Data-Driven Approach for Designing\nEco-Friendly Heterocyclic Compounds\nfor the Soil Microbiome","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2023.215051","article-title":"Current Understanding of Passive\nand Active Targeting Nanomedicines\nto Enhance Tumor Accumulation","volume":"481","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coord. Chem.\nRev."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2025.107050","article-title":"Navigating\nTumor Microenvironment\nwith TME-Responsive Nanocarriers: Strategies for Targeted Drug Delivery\nin Solid Tumor","volume":"110","author":"Rajankar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.06.014","article-title":"The Role of\nProtein Corona on Nanodrugs for Organ-Targeting\nand Its Prospects of Application","volume":"360","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Controlled\nRelease"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4995","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S454128","article-title":"Multimodal, PSMA-Targeted, PAMAM Dendrimer-Drug Conjugates\nfor Treatment of Prostate Cancer: Preclinical Evaluation","volume":"19","author":"Lesniak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01562-5","article-title":"Evaluation\nof mAb 2C5-Modified Dendrimer-Based Micelles for the Co-Delivery of\nsiRNA and Chemotherapeutic Drug in Xenograft Mice Model","volume":"14","author":"Yalamarty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Delivery Transl. Res."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S346685","article-title":"Hybrid Cell Membrane-Functionalized\nBiomimetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapy of Osteosarcoma","volume":"17","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.11.010","article-title":"Failure of Active Targeting by a\nCholesterol-Anchored Ligand and Improvement by Altering the Lipid\nComposition to Prevent Ligand Desorption","volume":"536","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Pharm."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.11.010","article-title":"A Quantitative View on Multivalent\nNanomedicine Targeting","volume":"169","author":"Woythe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery Rev."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121339","article-title":"In Situ T-Cell Transfection by Anti-CD3-Conjugated\nLipid Nanoparticles Leads to T-Cell Activation, Migration, and Phenotypic\nShift","volume":"281","author":"Kheirolomoom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02476-7","article-title":"Nanoparticle-Based\nStrategy in CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy:\nChallenges, Implications, and Perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Shang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-2990","article-title":"FDA Approval Summary: (Daunorubicin and Cytarabine)\nLiposome for Injection for the Treatment of Adults with High-Risk\nAcute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"25","author":"Krauss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17929","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c04810","article-title":"Active\nLearning-Based Prediction of Drug Combination\nEfficacy","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.11.071","article-title":"Innovative\nIntegration of Nanomedicines and Phototherapy\nto Modulate Autophagy for Enhanced Tumor Eradication","volume":"377","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9030305","article-title":"Advances in Nanomaterial-Mediated\nPhotothermal Cancer\nTherapies: Toward Clinical Applications","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18590","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906929116","article-title":"Gold Nanoshell-Localized\nPhotothermal Ablation of Prostate Tumors in a Clinical Pilot Device\nStudy","volume":"116","author":"Rastinehad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2021.102484","article-title":"Turning Down the Heat:\nThe Case for Mild Hyperthermia and Thermosensitive\nLiposomes","volume":"40","author":"Regenold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15189","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00700","article-title":"Stimuli-Responsive\nNanomedicines\nfor the Treatment of Non-Cancer Related Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mi, K.; Chen, Q.; Sundaram, V.; Santhosh, I.; Quazi, H.; Chou, W. C.; He, C.; Monteiro-Riviere, N. A.; Riviere, J. E.; Aryal, S.; et al.\n          Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Physiologically\nBased Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Large-Scale Machine Learning Analysis\nof Tumor Delivery of Nanoparticles in Mice. Available at SSRN:\n          SSRN\n          2026\n          10.2139\/ssrn.7001100.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.7001100"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06291-2","article-title":"Large\nLanguage Models Encode Clinical Knowledge","volume":"620","author":"Singhal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19394","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c03454","article-title":"A Generative\nArtificial\nIntelligence Copilot for Biomedical Nanoengineering","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0246-4","article-title":"Minimum Information\nReporting in Bio-Nano Experimental Literature","volume":"13","author":"Faria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.12.043","article-title":"AI-Directed Formulation\nStrategy\nDesign Initiates Rational Drug Development","volume":"378","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit66","first-page":"2623","article-title":"Optuna: A next-generation hyperparameter\noptimization framework.","volume-title":"Proceedings of\nthe 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference On Knowledge Discovery\nData Mining","author":"Akiba"},{"key":"2026081810300647400_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.09.136","article-title":"Dual Cross-Linked\nMagnetic Gelatin\/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Cryogels for Enhanced Congo\nRed Adsorption: Experimental Studies and Machine Learning Modelling","volume":"678","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c02730","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/32\/22485\/66370585\/acsnano.6c02730.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/32\/22485\/66370585\/acsnano.6c02730.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:21:57Z","timestamp":1787070117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/20\/32\/22485\/5240935\/Analysis-of-Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c02730","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}}}