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In particular, long-range exciton energy transfer in these materials holds potential for light-harvesting technologies and nanoscale interconnects. Here, using cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that exciton energy can be transferred over ultralong distances\u2500up to 150 \u03bcm\u2500in heterostructures composed of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and RPPs. This transfer is enabled by efficient exciton coupling to defect centers in hBN and subsequent defect\u2013defect interactions. This mechanism not only facilitates long-range energy transfer but also leads to enhanced luminescence intensity, narrower emission line widths, extended exciton lifetimes, and reduced electron beam-induced degradation. Owing to the high density of emitters within the hBN layers, the investigated van der Waals heterostructure emerges as a robust and stable hybrid platform. Our findings enable room-temperature excitonic devices with enhanced performance, including quantum transducers, light-harvesting systems, and optoelectronic interconnects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c03445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:12:24Z","timestamp":1785129144000},"page":"21739-21751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exciton Energy Routing\nvia Defect Networks in hBN\/2D\nPerovskite Hybrids"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Darbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24418"]},{"name":"Tarbiat Modares University , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 1411713116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bittorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24418"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Multerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24418"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Chahshouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24418"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parsa","family":"Darman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24418"]},{"name":"Tarbiat Modares University , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 1411713116"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Ruchka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stuttgart , , ,","place":["Stuttgart, Germany, 70569"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Giessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stuttgart , , ,","place":["Stuttgart, Germany, 70569"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Taleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24418"]},{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaser","family":"Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24418"]},{"name":"University of Tehran , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 1439955961"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3861-1005","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nahid","family":"Talebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24418"]},{"name":"Kiel University , , ,","place":["Kiel, Germany, 24118"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b00847","article-title":"Ruddlesden-Popper\nHybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite 2D Homologous Semiconductors","volume":"28","author":"Stoumpos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201903030","article-title":"Lasing from Mechanically\nExfoliated\n2D Homologous Ruddlesden\u2013Popper Perovskite Engineered by Inorganic\nLayer Thickness","volume":"31","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7843","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b03796","article-title":"2D Homologous\nPerovskites as Light-Absorbing Materials for Solar Cell Applications","volume":"137","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15869-7","article-title":"Overcoming the Exciton Binding Energy in Two-dimensional\nPerovskite Nanoplatelets by Attachment of Conjugated Organic Chromophores","volume":"11","author":"Ge\u0301lvez-Rueda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47225-4","article-title":"Exciton Engineering\nof 2D Ruddlesden\u2013Popper Perovskites by Synergistically Tuning\nthe Intra and Interlayer Structures","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35546-1","article-title":"Pinhole-free\n2D Ruddlesden\u2013Popper\nPerovskite Layer with Close Packed Large Crystalline Grains, Suitable\nfor Optoelectronic Applications","volume":"13","author":"Darman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2022.108352","article-title":"Investigation\nof Dielectric, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Synthesized\n2D Ruddlesden-Popper-type Halide Perovskite","volume":"155","author":"Dehghani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30311","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3327281","article-title":"High Responsively and\nUltrafast Photodiode Based on Vertical Junction of Silicon and Two-Dimensional\nLead Iodide Perovskite: Effects of Active Area","volume":"23","author":"Naghavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2024.110889","article-title":"Highly Stable\nand Sensitive\nBroadband Photodetector Based on BA2MAPb2I7\/Si Heterojunction","volume":"176","author":"Shamloo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202404517","article-title":"What Matters for the\nCharge Transport of 2D Perovskites?","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. 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Lett."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba1705","article-title":"Coherent Fo\u0308rster\nResonance Energy Transfer: A New Paradigm for Electrically Driven\nQuantum Dot Random Lasers","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.19484370105","article-title":"Zwischenmolekulare\nEnergiewanderung und Fluoreszenz","volume":"437","author":"Fo\u0308rster","year":"1948","journal-title":"Ann. Phys."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41699-023-00430-z","article-title":"Optical Signatures\nof Fo\u0308rster-induced Energy Transfer in Organic\/TMD Heterostructures","volume":"7","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ 2D Mater. Appl."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh4232","article-title":"Efficient Energy Transport in an\nOrganic Semiconductor Mediated by\nTransient Exciton Delocalization","volume":"7","author":"Sneyd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.8.011007","article-title":"Charge Versus\nEnergy Transfer in\nAtomically Thin Graphene-Transition Metal Dichalcogenide van der Waals\nHeterostructures","volume":"8","author":"Froehlicher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. X"},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-020-00443-z","article-title":"Origins of the Long-range\nExciton Diffusion in Perovskite\nNanocrystal Films: Photon Recycling vs Exciton Hopping","volume":"10","author":"Giovanni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14401-1","article-title":"The role of Photon Recycling in Perovskite\nLight-emitting Diodes","volume":"11","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad12ec","article-title":"Mapping Emission\nHeterogeneity\nin Layered Halide Perovskites Using Cathodoluminescence","volume":"35","author":"Griesi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2026081111125043300_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26904","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b09698","article-title":"Mechanisms of Electron-Beam-Induced\nDamage in Perovskite Thin Films Revealed by Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy","volume":"119","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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