{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:47:19Z","timestamp":1792784839214,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology","award":["2020A1515110879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515110879"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology","award":["2024TQ08C139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TQ08C139"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission","award":["GXWD2020123-015542700320200821181245001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXWD2020123-015542700320200821181245001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017n8df75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission","award":["GXWD2020123015542700320200821181809001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXWD2020123015542700320200821181809001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017n8df75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission","award":["KQTD20170809110344233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQTD20170809110344233"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017n8df75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission","award":["ZDSYS20190902093220279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDSYS20190902093220279"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017n8df75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission","award":["ZX20200151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZX20200151"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/017n8df75","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["21905069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21905069"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["U21A20307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20307"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial inflammatory disorder involving follicular obstruction, excessive sebum production, Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) colonization, immune activation, and barrier dysfunction. Current topical treatments are often limited by cutaneous irritation, antimicrobial resistance, and insufficient follicular deposition. Here, an acid-free, pH-responsive, follicle-oriented supramolecular polycystic microcapsule (SPM) particles system was developed based on a phosphatidylcholine\/pterostilbene deep eutectic solvent (PC\/PT DES). In this study, \u201cSPM particles\u201d refers to the optimized approximately 350 nm colloidal formulation, whereas \u201cmicrocapsule-like\u201d describes the compartmentalized capsule-like internal architecture observed by TEM rather than a micron-scale particle size. SPM particles showed measurable encapsulation of all three active components, storage-relevant colloidal stability, size-mediated preferential follicular deposition at an optimized particle size of approximately 350 nm, and accelerated payload release under acidic conditions. The formulation excluded conventional keratolytic acids and coencapsulated matrine, oligopeptide-32, and Centella asiatica extract to provide complementary antiacne functions. In vitro, SPM particles inhibited C. acnes, induced a membrane-damage-associated antibacterial phenotype, reduced sebocyte lipid accumulation, suppressed inflammatory cytokine release, promoted keratinocyte migration, and upregulated barrier-associated markers. In a C. acnes-induced murine acne-like model, topical SPM particles attenuated inflammatory histopathology and reduced TLR2\/NF-\u03baB-associated inflammatory signals. Exploratory 16S rRNA sequencing further showed treatment-associated changes in local skin microbiota composition, which should be interpreted as associative rather than causal evidence. In an early stage 28 day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation, SPM particles improved selected acne-associated parameters, including erythema, lesion burden, and porphyrin-related signals, while showing favorable short-term tolerability, with no treatment-related adverse skin reactions recorded during the 28 day observation period. Overall, this PC\/PT DES-based SPM particles platform provides an acid-free, follicle-oriented, multicomponent topical strategy with potential for multitarget acne intervention, while longer-term repeated-use safety remains to be established in larger clinical studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c05451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:01:57Z","timestamp":1788775317000},"page":"25352-25372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Follicle-Oriented\n\u201cAcid-Free\u201d Supramolecular\nMicrocapsules Achieve Efficient Acne Therapy via Skin Microbiota Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mingqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University , , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110819"]},{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Shinehigh Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hipapa Xihe Laboratory , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510700"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guocheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hipapa Xihe Laboratory , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510700"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hipapa Xihe Laboratory , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510700"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bizhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hipapa Xihe Laboratory , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510700"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hipapa Xihe Laboratory , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510700"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Shinehigh Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1596-5943","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University , , ,","place":["Shenyang, China, 110819"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiangsheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hipapa Xihe Laboratory , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510700"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-9796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiaheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Shinehigh Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518055"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210083048300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62715-3","article-title":"Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris","volume":"10","author":"Heng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026092210083048300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13462","article-title":"A global perspective\non the epidemiology of acne","volume":"172","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"S1","key":"2026092210083048300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00531-1","article-title":"The Skin Microbiome:\nA New Actor in Inflammatory Acne","volume":"21","author":"Dre\u0301no","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin.\nDermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210083048300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0558-5","article-title":"Host-microbiome\ninteractions and recent progress into\nunderstanding the biology of acne vulgaris","volume":"6","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2026092210083048300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115003","article-title":"Oxidative stress\nand metabolic syndrome in acne vulgaris:\nPathogenetic connections and potential role of dietary supplements\nand phytochemicals","volume":"164","author":"Bungau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210083048300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.12.017","article-title":"Guidelines of care for\nthe management of acne vulgaris","volume":"90","author":"Reynolds","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad.\nDermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210083048300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1039\/D5MD00001G","article-title":"Betaine-salicylic\nacid\ncocrystal for enhanced skincare and acne treatment","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092210083048300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00527-7","article-title":"Systematic review of antibiotic resistance\nin acne: an increasing topical and oral threat","volume":"16","author":"Walsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092210083048300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.4944","article-title":"Trends in Oral Antibiotic Prescription in Dermatology,\n2008 to 2016","volume":"155","author":"Barbieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092210083048300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2014.2309","article-title":"Antibiotic stewardship\nin dermatology: limiting antibiotic use in acne","volume":"24","author":"Dreno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210083048300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754241291031","article-title":"Photodynamic\nTherapy in Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review","volume":"29","author":"Qureshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210083048300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.06.046","article-title":"Light and laser-based\ntherapy in\ntreatment of acne vulgaris: A clinical review","volume":"93","author":"Ishii","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026092210083048300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103261","article-title":"Clinical practice Guidelines for 5-Aminolevulinic acid\nphotodynamic therapy for acne vulgaris in China","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210083048300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2174\/187221013804484827","article-title":"Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs)\nfor drug delivery and targeting","volume":"7","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Recent Pat.\nNanotechnol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092210083048300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2021.1951218","article-title":"Nanotechnology-based\nformulations\ntoward the improved topical delivery of anti-acne active ingredients","volume":"18","author":"Paiva-Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"issue":"S5","key":"2026092210083048300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14374","article-title":"What is new\nin the pathophysiology of acne, an overview","volume":"31","author":"Dre\u0301no","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026092210083048300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21595","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c01790","article-title":"Dissolving Hyaluronic\nAcid-Based Microneedles to Transdermally Deliver Eugenol Combined\nwith Photothermal Therapy for Acne Vulgaris Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"2026092210083048300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124961","article-title":"Light-responsive antibacterial dissolving microneedles\nloaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid and silver nanoparticles for the\ntreatment of acne","volume":"667","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210083048300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68376-6","article-title":"Near-infrared light-driven\nnanomotors-based microneedles for the active therapy of bacterial\ninfected acne","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210083048300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.290","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes promotes Th17 and Th17\/Th1\nresponses in acne patients","volume":"135","author":"Kistowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210083048300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.309","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes\nInduces IL-1\u03b2 secretion via the NLRP3\ninflammasome in human monocytes","volume":"134","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Invest.\nDermatol."},{"key":"2026092210083048300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2016.07.002","article-title":"Effects of 5-aminolevulinic\nacid photodynamic therapy on TLRs in\nacne lesions and keratinocytes co-cultured with P. acnes","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210083048300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2006.00344.x","article-title":"Natural skin\nsurface pH is on average below 5, which is beneficial for its resident\nflora","volume":"28","author":"Lambers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092210083048300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2494.2005.00263.x","article-title":"Sodium ascorbyl\nphosphate shows in\nvitro and in vivo efficacy in the prevention and treatment of acne\nvulgaris","volume":"27","author":"Klock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092210083048300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1747-y","article-title":"In vitro modeling of\nunsaturated\nfree fatty acid-mediated tissue impairments seen in acne lesions","volume":"309","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210083048300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.01.012","article-title":"Nanoparticles and microparticles\nfor skin drug\ndelivery","volume":"63","author":"Prow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210083048300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.04.009","article-title":"Lipid nanocapsules\nfor dermal application:\na comparative study of lipid-based versus polymer-based nanocarriers","volume":"79","author":"Abdel-Mottaleb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210083048300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2024.2349124","article-title":"pH-responsive\nself-assembled\nnanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092210083048300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112265","article-title":"Deep Eutectic Systems as Novel Vehicles\nfor Assisting Drug Transdermal\nDelivery","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092210083048300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29783","article-title":"Pharmaceutical\napplications of therapeutic deep eutectic systems (THEDES) in maximising\ndrug delivery","volume":"10","author":"Javed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210083048300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2024.2345131","article-title":"Eutectic solutions\nfor healing: a comprehensive review on therapeutic\ndeep eutectic solvents (TheDES)","volume":"50","author":"Kalantri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind.\nPharm."}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c05451","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/37\/25352\/68401351\/acsnano.6c05451.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/37\/25352\/68401351\/acsnano.6c05451.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:09:22Z","timestamp":1790089762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/20\/37\/25352\/5422241\/Follicle-Oriented-Acid-Free-Supramolecular"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c05451","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]}}}