{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:50:03Z","timestamp":1792122603522,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talent Plan of Jiangsu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSSCRC2023554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCRC2023554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 22521103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 22521103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Suzhou Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interface Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZ2024004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZ2024004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Leading Talents of Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Gusu District","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZXL2023182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZXL2023182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overheating is a major cause of device failure. Thin-film evaporative cooling leverages the latent heat of liquid phase change, but its performance is often governed by the balance between interfacial liquid supply and interfacial mass-transfer kinetics. The canine tongue maintains a continuously wetted surface through rapid saliva replenishment and evaporation during thermoregulation. Here, previously unreported nanocilia on the tongue surface of the Beagle (Canis lupus familiaris) are identified. These nanocilia coat microscale papillae, revealing a naturally evolved micro\u2013nano hierarchical architecture. Inspired by this architecture, a bioinspired cross-scale continuous surface (BioCCS) integrating microgrooves and nanowires is developed. Microgrooves promote stable liquid spreading, while nanoscale confinement modulates interfacial water interactions and weakens interfacial hydrogen bonding, together establishing a cross-scale coupled evaporation mechanism (CCEM) bridging micro\u2013nano\u2013molecular scales. Tested at 80 \u00b0C, a temperature relevant to device reliability, BioCCS achieves an evaporation rate of 31.36 kg h\u20131 m\u20132, enabling a self-sustained passive cooling system with a 150% enhancement in heat dissipation compared with an unmodified surface. These results provide a concept for autonomously sustained phase change cooling under subboiling conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c06165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:00:54Z","timestamp":1784721654000},"page":"21281-21293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Canine Tongue-Inspired\nSuperspreading-Enhanced Cross\nScale-Coupled Evaporation for Thermal Management"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215123"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfeng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100190"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5464-4375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhongpeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100190"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China, 230026"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , , ,","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215123"]},{"name":"Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100190"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s44147-023-00309-2","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Thermal\nManagement of Electronic Devices","volume":"70","author":"Dhumal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eng. 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Energy"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2024.122807","article-title":"A Review\non Coolant Selection for\nThermal Management of Electronics and Implementation of Multiple-Criteria\nDecision-Making Approach","volume":"245","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg1837","article-title":"Ultrathin,\nSoft, Radiative Cooling Interfaces for Advanced Thermal Management\nin Skin Electronics","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq0411","article-title":"A Tandem Radiative\/Evaporative Cooler\nfor Weather-Insensitive and High-Performance Daytime Passive Cooling","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adt3372","article-title":"Passive Cooling Paint\nEnabled by Rational Design of\nThermal-Optical and Mass Transfer Properties","volume":"388","author":"Fei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2025.101504","article-title":"Advanced Evaporative\nCooling Materials:\nFrom Designs to Applications","volume":"154","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04307-3","article-title":"Inhibiting the Leidenfrost\nEffect Above 1,000 Degrees C for Sustained Thermal Cooling","volume":"601","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2025.101975","article-title":"High-Flux and Stable\nThin-Film Evaporation from Fiber Membranes with Interconnected Pores","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtnano.2022.100198","article-title":"Reversible Sweat Cooling on Mobile\nElectronic Devices\nby Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Moisture Sorption-Desorption Process","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. 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U.S.A."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj3760","article-title":"Solar-Driven\nAbnormal Evaporation of Nanoconfined Water","volume":"10","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2022.02.002","article-title":"Evaporating Potential","volume":"6","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.115.236102","article-title":"Molecular\nMechanism of Water Evaporation","volume":"115","author":"Nagata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. 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Soc."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505818","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202505818","article-title":"Superoxide\nRadicals Inducing Perturbation in Water Hydrogen Bond\nNetworks for Enhanced Solar-driven Water Evaporation","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300371","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202500371","article-title":"Surface-engineered\nSolar-driven Interfacial Evaporation: Innovations and Challenges","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. 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Interfaces"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5360","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c00691","article-title":"Fast Capillary\nWicking on Hierarchical Copper Nanowired Surfaces with Interconnected\nV-Grooves: Implications for Thermal Management","volume":"4","author":"Chun","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124313","article-title":"Free-Standing Nanowire\nPrinted Surfaces with High Variability\nin Substrate Selection for Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement","volume":"212","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202210557","article-title":"Liquid-Superspreading-Boosted\nHigh-Performance Jet-Flow Boiling for Enhancement of Phase-Change\nCooling","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200899","article-title":"Three-Tier Hierarchical Structures for Extreme Pool\nBoiling Heat Transfer Performance","volume":"34","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39289-5","article-title":"Tesla Valves\nand Capillary Structures-Activated Thermal Regulator","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122185","article-title":"Enhanced Flow Boiling in Microchannels\nIntegrated with Supercapillary Pinfin Fences","volume":"183","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(81)90113-4","article-title":"Panting\nin Dogs: Paths of Air Flow\nin Response to Heat and Exercise","volume":"43","author":"Goldberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4051.804","article-title":"Thermal\nPanting in Dogs: The Lateral\nNasal Gland, a Source of Water for Evaporative Cooling","volume":"177","author":"Blatt","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.20.173","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation\nof the Ultrastructural Morphology and Distribution of Filiform and\nFungiform Tongue Papillae in Egyptian Mice, Fruit Bats and Long-Eared\nHedgehogs","volume":"53","author":"Haggag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj1936.77.5_137","article-title":"Morphology\nof the Dorsal Lingual Papillae in the Bush Dog (Speothos Venaticus)","volume":"77","author":"Emura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit37","first-page":"511","article-title":"A Correlative Light Microscopic, Scanning and Transmission\nElectron\nMicroscopic Study of the Dog Tongue Filiform Papillae","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Scan. Electron Microsc."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-016-6044-z","article-title":"Liquid Spreading\non a Pre-Wetted Biomimetic Surface Inspired by a Dog\u2019s Tongue","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. China: Technol. Sci."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.1131","article-title":"Dynamics and Stability of Thin Liquid\nFilms","volume":"81","author":"Craster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg4537","article-title":"Liquid Film\u2013induced\nCritical Heat Flux Enhancement on Structured Surfaces","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19111-w","article-title":"The Effect of Surface Roughness on Capillary Rise in\nMicro-Grooves","volume":"12","author":"Abadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.0c03134","article-title":"Lucas-Washburn\nEquation-Based Modeling of Capillary-Driven Flow in Porous Systems","volume":"37","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2018.01.001","article-title":"Optimizing \u201cSelf-Wicking\u201d\nNanowire Grids","volume":"202","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.01.052","article-title":"Characteristics of an Evaporating\nThin Film in a Microchannel","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass\nTransfer"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.112098","article-title":"Study on Axial Wetting\nLength and Evaporating Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microgrooves with\nSuperhydrophilic Nano-Textured Surfaces for Two-Phase Heat Transfer\nDevices","volume":"200","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101001","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3160538","article-title":"Analysis\nof the Wicking and Thin-Film\nEvaporation Characteristics of Microstructures","volume":"131","author":"Ranjan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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Lett."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2007.10.001","article-title":"The Kelvin\nEquation","volume":"317","author":"Mitropoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2978-1","article-title":"Capillary\nCondensation Under Atomic-Scale Confinement","volume":"588","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026080409283973000_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1724992","article-title":"Raman Spectral\nStudies of Water Structure","volume":"40","author":"Walrafen","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Chem. 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