{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:33:49Z","timestamp":1786466029058,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and and Low-Carbon Technology","award":["SKL-ChE-23T07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-ChE-23T07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22278304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22278304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sustainable water management demands efficient hypersaline treatment and salt recovery. Membrane distillation (MD) is promising but limited by the trade-off between permeability and wetting resistance in conventional hydrophobic membranes. Herein, we report a patterned covalent organic framework (COF) Janus membrane with a hydrophilic\u2013hydrophobic architecture. This membrane is fabricated via trimesoyl chloride-triggered interfacial reassembly, enabling defect-free formation of a hydrophilic terephthaldehyde-piperazine COF layer with subnanometer pores on a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate. This structure leverages a synergistic \u201cwater enrichment-evaporation\u201d mechanism, where confined pores and the patterned hydrophilic surface reorganize the hydrogen-bond network of water, dramatically accelerating transport and evaporation. The COF Janus membrane achieves &amp;gt;99.99% NaCl rejection and an ultrahigh water flux of 121.7 L m\u20132 h\u20131, a 72% improvement over the PTFE membrane. It also exhibits robust resistance to surfactant-induced wetting and oil fouling, ensuring long-term stability under harsh conditions. This work resolves the permeability-wetting trade-off in MD and establishes a versatile platform for next-generation high-performance desalination membranes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c07017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:12:58Z","timestamp":1785129178000},"page":"21997-22007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Water\nEnrichment-Evaporation in Patterned\nCovalent Organic Framework Janus Membranes Enables Resilient Ultrahigh-Permeance\nDesalination"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xinlei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]},{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]},{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7550-8912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]},{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8465-687X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]},{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9289-3330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tiezheng","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7192-5540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Song","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]},{"name":"Tianjin University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, P.R. China, 300072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-019-0039-9","article-title":"Reassessing the projections\nof the World Water Development Report","volume":"2","author":"Boretti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Npj Clean\nWater"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-022-00378-6","article-title":"Global water resources\nand the role of groundwater in a resilient\nwater future","volume":"4","author":"Scanlon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE01653E","article-title":"Desalination for\na circular water economy","volume":"13","author":"Mauter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.07.047","article-title":"Membrane technology\nin renewable-energy-driven desalination","volume":"81","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renewable\nSustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0203-2","article-title":"Emerging opportunities\nfor nanotechnology to enhance water security","volume":"13","author":"Alvarez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE00291F","article-title":"Membrane distillation at the water-energy\nnexus: limits, opportunities, and challenges","volume":"11","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2011.08.027","article-title":"Membrane distillation: A comprehensive\nreview","volume":"287","author":"Alkhudhiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2024.101309","article-title":"Self-surface heating\nmembrane distillation for sustainable\nproduction of freshwater: A state of the art overview","volume":"145","author":"Subrahmanya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c08452","article-title":"Engineering\nMultinanochannel Polymer-Intercalated Graphene\nOxide Membrane for Strict Volatile Sieving in Membrane Distillation","volume":"58","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109718","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109718","article-title":"An Ultrahigh-Flux Nanoporous\nGraphene Membrane for Sustainable Seawater Desalination using Low-Grade\nHeat","volume":"34","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestengg.0c00025","article-title":"Wetting, Scaling, and Fouling in Membrane Distillation: State-of-the-Art\nInsights on Fundamental Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies","volume":"1","author":"Horseman","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS EST Eng."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42204-7","article-title":"A super liquid-repellent hierarchical\nporous membrane for enhanced membrane distillation","volume":"14","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14929","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c05283","article-title":"Ultra-antiwetting Membrane for Hypersaline\nWater Crystallization\nin Membrane Distillation","volume":"58","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2024.117507","article-title":"Mitigating near-surface\npolarizations in membrane distillation via\nmembrane surface decoration","volume":"579","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0067-5","article-title":"High-flux\nwater desalination with interfacial salt sieving effect in nanoporous\ncarbon composite membranes","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4695","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201504836","article-title":"Chemically Stable\nCovalent Organic Framework (COF)-Polybenzimidazole Hybrid Membranes:\nEnhanced Gas Separation through Pore Modulation","volume":"22","author":"Biswal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00827F","article-title":"Covalent organic\nframeworks for separation applications","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem.\nSoc. Rev."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8814","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00550","article-title":"Covalent Organic Frameworks:\nDesign, Synthesis, and Functions","volume":"120","author":"Geng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. 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Ed."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14156","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04443","article-title":"Janus Membrane with\na Dense Hydrophilic Surface Layer for Robust Fouling and Wetting Resistance\nin Membrane Distillation: New Insights into Wetting Resistance","volume":"55","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13304","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02848","article-title":"Novel Janus Membrane\nfor Membrane Distillation with Simultaneous Fouling and Wetting Resistance","volume":"51","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.138473","article-title":"Photothermal Janus PPy-SiO2@PAN\/F-SiO2@PVDF-HFP\nmembrane for high-efficient, low energy and stable desalination through\nsolar membrane distillation","volume":"451","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120308","article-title":"Patterned\ndense Janus membranes with simultaneously robust fouling,\nwetting and scaling resistance for membrane distillation","volume":"242","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.139167","article-title":"Engineering a protective surface layer to resist membrane scaling\nand scale-induced wetting in membrane distillation for the treatment\nof hypersaline wastewater","volume":"452","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7654","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01269","article-title":"Nanofiltration-Inspired\nJanus Membranes with Simultaneous Wetting and Fouling Resistance for\nMembrane Distillation","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14981","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b08017","article-title":"Aminal-Linked\nCovalent\nOrganic Frameworks through Condensation of Secondary Amine with Aldehyde","volume":"141","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9779","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-021-3950-6","article-title":"A 2D covalent organic framework with\nultra-large interlayer distance as high-rate anode material for lithium-ion\nbatteries","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4527","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c06961","article-title":"Advances in the Synthesis\nof Covalent Triazine Frameworks","volume":"8","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202207130","article-title":"Aminal-Linked Porphyrinic\nCovalent Organic Framework for Rapid Photocatalytic Decontamination\nof Mustard-Gas Simulant","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int.\nEd."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7876","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA00246G","article-title":"High permselectivity\nhyperbranched\npolyester\/polyamide ultrathin films with nanoscale heterogeneity","volume":"5","author":"Kong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308904","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202308904","article-title":"Aminal-Linked\nCovalent Organic Framework Membranes Achieve Superior Ion Selectivity","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.125944","article-title":"Constructing nanofiltration membrane\non hydrophobic PVDF and PTFE\nsubstrates via reverse interfacial polymerization","volume":"334","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7888","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA00706B","article-title":"Synthesis\nof cross-linked amides and esters as thin film composite membrane\nmaterials yields permeable and selective material for water vapor\/gas\nseparation","volume":"3","author":"Yun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22442","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c06521","article-title":"Turing Membranes Regulated\nby Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding for Molecular Sieving","volume":"19","author":"Dou","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.70120","article-title":"Unveiling\nthe interfacial polymerization for COF membranes: Real-time monitoring\nof flow instability and film growth","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"AlChE J."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425244","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202425244","article-title":"Rotaxane Mediated Covalent Organic\nFramework Membranes for Efficient Desalination","volume":"35","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.10.147","article-title":"Fabrication\nand characterization of thin-film composite (TFC). nanofiltration\nmembranes incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). for enhanced\ndesalination performance and dye removal","volume":"358","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem.\nEng. J."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2020.114312","article-title":"A review of membrane wettability\nfor the treatment of saline water deploying membrane distillation","volume":"479","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700399","article-title":"Identifying time scales for violation\/preservation of Stokes-Einstein\nrelation in supercooled water","volume":"3","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-025-00538-0","article-title":"Ultrafast\nlow-temperature pervaporation desalination with photo-responsive covalent\norganic framework membranes","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu6787","article-title":"Thin-film composite\nvapor-gap membrane for pressure-driven distillation","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw5484","article-title":"Architecting highly hydratable polymer networks to tune the water\nstate for solar water purification","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0097-z","article-title":"Highly efficient solar vapour generation via hierarchically\nnanostructured\ngels","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2021.115168","article-title":"Comprehensive review\nof membrane design and synthesis for membrane distillation","volume":"518","author":"Qasim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122176","article-title":"Surface energy-induced\nanti-wetting and anti-fouling enhancement of Janus membrane for membrane\ndistillation","volume":"263","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2018.07.010","article-title":"Role of coexistence\nof negative and\npositive membrane surface charges in electrostatic effect for salt\nrejection by nanofiltration","volume":"444","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2005.12.077","article-title":"Natural organic matter fouling due\nto foulant\u2013membrane physicochemical interactions","volume":"202","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-026-01772-4","article-title":"Electrolysis with built-in seawater\ndesalination by porous-solid-electrolyte reactor","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Sustainability"},{"key":"2026081111142027900_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-022-01325-y","article-title":"Fast water transport and molecular\nsieving through ultrathin ordered\nconjugated-polymer-framework membranes","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat.\nMater."}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c07017","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/31\/21997\/66255036\/acsnano.6c07017.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/31\/21997\/66255036\/acsnano.6c07017.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T15:28:31Z","timestamp":1786462111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/20\/31\/21997\/5232329\/Synergistic-Water-Enrichment-Evaporation-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c07017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]}}}