{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:40:56Z","timestamp":1789152056239,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1.1.1.3\/1\/24\/A\/166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1.1.1.3\/1\/24\/A\/166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000078","name":"Division of Materials Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-2118828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-2118828"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2328822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2328822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2521415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2521415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CrCl3, a layered van der Waals (vdW) magnet, exhibits in-plane magnetic anisotropy and enhanced interlayer coupling upon stacking, making it an ideal platform to host exotic nanoscale magnetic phenomena such as magnon hydrodynamics and Meron-like topological spin defects. When interfaced with other vdW materials, its antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transitions and magnetic anisotropy can be tuned by voltage, strain, and layer stacking. Understanding the spin dynamics of CrCl3 at its magnetic phase transitions is crucial to its applications in magnonics. Here, we investigate the spin dynamics of CrCl3 nanoflakes using cryogenic diamond quantum sensing microscopy, based on measuring optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi oscillations, and spin\u2013lattice relaxation time (T1) of shallow nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. In the ferromagnetic regime, we observe a pronounced reduction in the NV spin resonance contrast, a collapse of the Rabi oscillations, and a strong enhancement by 2 orders of magnitude of the relaxation rate \u03931 = 1\/T1. These observations indicate intensified spin fluctuations in the gigahertz range. Broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy on CrCl3 crystals reveals resonance frequencies in the 4\u201315 GHz range together with a line width of \u223c24 mT, further supporting the NV measurements. A phenomenological model of magnetic-noise-induced NV relaxation reproduces the temperature dependence of \u03931 by combining antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, and paramagnetic fluctuation channels, indicating that magnetic noise is strongest in the ferromagnetic regime and evolves markedly across the phase transition. These results are crucial for using CrCl3 in 2D magnonics and hybrid quantum-magnon systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c07232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:46:33Z","timestamp":1783932393000},"page":"20776-20786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Probing GHz Spin\nDynamics across Magnetic Phase Transitions\nin CrCl3 Nanoflakes Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hammons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln , , , ,","place":["Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68588"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitender","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln , , , ,","place":["Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68588"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sehrish","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln , , , ,","place":["Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68588"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prem Bahadur","family":"Karki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wichita State University , , , ,","place":["Wichita, Kansas, United States, 67260"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karishma","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wichita State University , , , ,","place":["Wichita, Kansas, United States, 67260"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6408-642X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tianlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln , , , ,","place":["Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68588"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aram","family":"Pirali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln , , , ,","place":["Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68588"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5758-1262","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayodimeji E.","family":"Aregbesola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wichita State University , , , ,","place":["Wichita, Kansas, United States, 67260"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupak","family":"Timalsina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln , , , ,","place":["Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68588"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7873-5774","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xia","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln , , , ,","place":["Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68588"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1326-4470","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wichita State University , , , ,","place":["Wichita, Kansas, United States, 67260"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5901-0495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kapildeb","family":"Ambal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wichita State University , , , ,","place":["Wichita, Kansas, United States, 67260"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilja","family":"Fescenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Latvia , , ,","place":["Riga, Latvia, LV-1004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2811-8030","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdelghani","family":"Laraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln , , , ,","place":["Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68588"]},{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln , , , ,","place":["Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68588"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7657","key":"2026072810091151400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22060","article-title":"Discovery\nof Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Two-Dimensional van Der Waals Crystals","volume":"546","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072810091151400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6960","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c09150","article-title":"The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional\nvan Der Waals Materials","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072810091151400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0124-1","article-title":"Photonics with Hexagonal Boron Nitride","volume":"4","author":"Caldwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072810091151400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ad865f","article-title":"Progress and Challenges\nin the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional\nvan Der Waals Ferroic Materials and Heterostructures","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"6468","key":"2026072810091151400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav1937","article-title":"Direct Observation\nof van Der Waals Stacking\u2013Dependent Interlayer\nMagnetism","volume":"366","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026072810091151400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4925","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5c01047","article-title":"Towards Multiferroicity\nin Two-Dimensional Van Der Waals Materials: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"37","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"6394","key":"2026072810091151400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4851","article-title":"Giant Tunneling Magnetoresistance\nin Spin-Filter van\nDer Waals Heterostructures","volume":"360","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7838","key":"2026072810091151400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2989-y","article-title":"Topological Superconductivity in a van Der Waals Heterostructure","volume":"588","author":"Kezilebieke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7657","key":"2026072810091151400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22391","article-title":"Layer-Dependent Ferromagnetism\nin\na van Der Waals Crystal down to the Monolayer Limit","volume":"546","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072810091151400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1143\/JPSJ.15.1664","article-title":"On the Magnetic\nProperties of a CrBr3 Single Crystal","volume":"15","author":"Tsubokawa","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Phys. Soc. Jpn."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810091151400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.1.014001","article-title":"Magnetic Behavior\nand Spin-Lattice Coupling in Cleavable van Der Waals Layered CrCl3 Crystals","volume":"1","author":"McGuire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810091151400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.102.014424","article-title":"Anisotropic Magnetocaloric\nEffect and Critical Behavior\nin CrCl3","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"26","key":"2026072810091151400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu9381","article-title":"Quantum\nSensing of Broadband Spin Dynamics and Magnon Transport in Antiferromagnets","volume":"11","author":"Melendez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072810091151400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.047204","article-title":"Gigahertz Frequency\nAntiferromagnetic Resonance and Strong Magnon-Magnon\nCoupling in the Layered Crystal CrCl3","volume":"123","author":"MacNeill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810091151400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005105","article-title":"Observation of Standing Spin Waves\nin a van Der Waals Magnetic Material","volume":"33","author":"Kapoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"6800","key":"2026072810091151400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp2397","article-title":"Magnon Hydrodynamics\nin an Atomically Thin Ferromagnet","volume":"392","author":"Xue","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810091151400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41535-022-00473-3","article-title":"Gapless Dirac Magnons in CrCl3","volume":"7","author":"Schneeloch","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Quantum Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810091151400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/ac2e7a","article-title":"Massless\nDirac Magnons in the Two Dimensional van Der\nWaals Honeycomb Magnet CrCl3","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"2D\nMater."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072810091151400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3347","article-title":"Magnon Spintronics","volume":"11","author":"Chumak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810091151400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-017-0029-z","article-title":"Long-Range\nSpin Wave Mediated Control of Defect Qubits in Nanodiamonds","volume":"3","author":"Andrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"npj Quantum Inf"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072810091151400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7567\/APEX.10.103004","article-title":"Long-Distance Excitation of Nitrogen-Vacancy\nCenters in Diamond via\nSurface Spin Waves","volume":"10","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Express"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810091151400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202300648","article-title":"Mapping of Spin-Wave Transport in Thulium Iron Garnet\nThin Films Using Diamond Quantum Microscopy","volume":"10","author":"Timalsina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026072810091151400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1557\/adv.2019.241","article-title":"Electron\nSpin Resonance Properties of CrI3 and CrCl3 Single\nCrystals","volume":"4","author":"Saiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"MRS Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072810091151400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b01317","article-title":"Atomically\nThin CrCl3: An In-Plane Layered Antiferromagnetic Insulator","volume":"19","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810091151400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202203548","article-title":"Physical Vapor\nTransport Growth of Antiferromagnetic CrCl3 Flakes Down\nto Monolayer Thickness","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072810091151400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.99.104425","article-title":"Diagnosing Phases of Magnetic Insulators\nvia Noise Magnetometry with Spin Qubits","volume":"99","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys.\nRev. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072810091151400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3548830","article-title":"Thermal Stability Characterization\nof Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Using Hard-Axis Magnetoresistance Measurements","volume":"109","author":"Upadhyaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"5546","key":"2026072810091151400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065389","article-title":"Spintronics: A Spin-Based\nElectronics Vision for the Future","volume":"294","author":"Wolf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072810091151400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.76.323","article-title":"Spintronics: Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"76","author":"Z\u030cutic\u0301","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026072810091151400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.174412","article-title":"Probing Hydrodynamic\nSound Modes\nin Magnon Fluids Using Spin Magnetometers","volume":"105","author":"Rodriguez-Nieva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys.\nRev. B"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026072810091151400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.187204","article-title":"Quantum-Impurity Relaxometry of Magnetization\nDynamics","volume":"121","author":"Flebus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072810091151400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.107202","article-title":"Magnons and\nPhonons\nOptically Driven out of Local Equilibrium in a Magnetic Insulator","volume":"117","author":"An","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026072810091151400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5045299","article-title":"Tutorial:\nBasic Principles, Limits of Detection, and Pitfalls of Highly Sensitive\nSQUID Magnetometry for Nanomagnetism and Spintronics","volume":"124","author":"Buchner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2026072810091151400_cit34","unstructured":"Lawati, D. R.; Karki, P. B.; Kumar, J.; Prasad, K.; Elekhtiar, M. A.; Huang, K.; Tiwari, B.; Lamichhane, S.; Timalsina, R.; Hubble, Z.; Watt, J.; Liou, S.-H.; Tsymbal, E. Y.; Wang, J.; Ambal, K.; Laraoui, A.\n          Spin Dynamics in the van Der Waals Ferromagnet CrTe2\nEngineered by Niobium Doping. 2025, arXiv:2512.22058.\narXiv.org e-Print archive, https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2512.22058."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810091151400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202400398","article-title":"Effect of Substrate on Spin-Wave Propagation Properties\nin Ferrimagnetic Thulium Iron Garnet Thin Films","volume":"11","author":"Timalsina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810091151400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.88","article-title":"Probing Condensed Matter Physics\nwith Magnetometry Based on Nitrogen-Vacancy Centres in Diamond","volume":"3","author":"Casola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"6444","key":"2026072810091151400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav6926","article-title":"Probing Magnetism\nin 2D Materials at the Nanoscale\nwith Single-Spin Microscopy","volume":"364","author":"Thiel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072810091151400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0091931","article-title":"Opportunities for Nitrogen-Vacancy-Assisted Magnetometry to Study\nMagnetism in 2D van Der Waals Magnets","volume":"121","author":"Laraoui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl.\nPhys. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072810091151400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8694","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01819","article-title":"Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometry of Individual Fe-Triazole\nSpin Crossover Nanorods","volume":"17","author":"Lamichhane","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810091151400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c03843","article-title":"Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetic\nRelaxometry of Nanoclustered Cytochrome C Proteins","volume":"24","author":"Lamichhane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026072810091151400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202408542","article-title":"Imaging Local\nEffects of Voltage and Boron Doping on Spin Reversal in Antiferromagnetic\nMagnetoelectric Cr2O3 Thin Films and Devices","volume":"34","author":"Erickson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072810091151400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10048","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c16703","article-title":"Time-Resolved\nDiamond Magnetic Microscopy of Superparamagnetic\nIron-Oxide Nanoparticles","volume":"19","author":"Richards","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810091151400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg8562","article-title":"Noninvasive Measurements\nof Spin\nTransport Properties of an Antiferromagnetic Insulator","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810091151400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.15.034031","article-title":"Quantum Sensing\nof Spin Fluctuations of Magnetic Insulator Films with Perpendicular\nAnisotropy","volume":"15","author":"Lee-Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810091151400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8886","article-title":"Nanometre-Scale Probing of Spin Waves Using Single\nElectron Spins","volume":"6","author":"Van Der Sar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072810091151400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0217987","article-title":"Magnetic Relaxometry\nof Methemoglobin by Widefield\nNitrogen-Vacancy Microscopy","volume":"125","author":"Lamichhane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"38","key":"2026072810091151400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202512391","article-title":"Nitrogen-Vacancy\nMagnetometry of Edge Magnetism in WS2 Flakes","volume":"35","author":"Fescenko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072810091151400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00266-4","article-title":"Solution Nuclear\nMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy on a Nanostructured Diamond Chip","volume":"8","author":"Kehayias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072810091151400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.11.034029","article-title":"Diamond\nMagnetic Microscopy of Malarial Hemozoin Nanocrystals","volume":"11","author":"Fescenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Appl."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026072810091151400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4949357","article-title":"High\nDensity Nitrogen-Vacancy Sensing Surface Created via He+ Ion Implantation\nof 12C Diamond","volume":"108","author":"Kleinsasser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. 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