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Existing approaches generally rely on gated architecture or high-voltage polarization switching (typically &amp;gt;1 V), which increases circuit complexity and dynamic power consumption for device reconfiguration. Here, we report a vertical two-terminal organic optoelectronic design based on a single-layered-doped conducting polymer, n-doped poly(benzodifurandione) (n-PBDF), with asymmetric electrodes. Leveraging electrode asymmetric work function and polymer doping engineering, the proposed device achieves continuous analog tuning of photoresponse polarity from negative to positive at low operational voltage (&amp;lt;0.2 V), enabling the emulation of antagonistic visual encoding. The n-PBDF-based device also exhibits robust reversible negative-to-positive photoresponse switching for 106 cycles and stable retention for 78 days under ambient conditions. These characteristics, together with its structurally compact pixel, enable crossbar array-level in-sensor image processing, including edge enhancement and trainable image classification. The results establish a compact organic hardware primitive for low-voltage, reconfigurable, retina-inspired vision systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c07332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:33:13Z","timestamp":1783953193000},"page":"20798-20809","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interface-Driven\nBipolar Photoresponse in a Doping-Engineered\nn-Type Polymer Enables Single-Layer Retinomorphic Devices"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Suo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , , ,","place":["West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2887-7704","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yifan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University , , , ,","place":["East Lansing, Michigan, United States, 48824"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustine O.","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40506"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6387-3998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky , , , ,","place":["Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40506"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7390-0648","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liyan","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , , ,","place":["West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-0804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Inho","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , , ,","place":["West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907"]},{"name":"Chung-Ang University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 06974"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5743-2715","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianguo","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University , , , ,","place":["West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072810073402500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3783","article-title":"Retinal bipolar cells:\nelementary building blocks of vision","volume":"15","author":"Euler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. 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