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However, conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT), particularly oxygen-dependent type-II photosensitizers, suffers from hypoxia-limited efficacy and may even induce EMT under suboptimal treatment conditions. Herein, we report enhanced type-I reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating nanoparticles (NPs) based on the coassembly of two structurally similar small molecules (TQTT-NO and TQTT-NH), integrating light-controlled nitric oxide (NO) release to synergistically inhibit tumor growth and EMT. By leveraging precise molecular structure matching, the coassembled NPs (TQTT-NO\/NH NPs) enable efficient intermolecular electron transfer, as revealed by the photocurrent results and Gibbs free energy calculations, thereby favoring type-I ROS generation under white-light irradiation while simultaneously triggering on-demand NO release. The developed TQTT-NO\/NH NPs effectively suppress transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2)-induced EMT, inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, and markedly reduce primary tumor growth and lung metastasis in a murine tumor model under light activation. Overall, this work establishes a generalizable molecular coassembly strategy for enhancing type-I PDT and EMT regulation, offering a promising paradigm for next-generation antimetastatic phototherapeutic platforms with translational potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c08167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:13:15Z","timestamp":1785849195000},"page":"22082-22092","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nitric\nOxide-Releasing Molecular Co-Assembly Enables\nEpithelial\u2013Mesenchymal Transition Suppression and Intermolecular\nElectron Transfer-Enhanced Type-I Photodynamic Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an International University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, PR China, 710077"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5951-5687","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Muazzam","family":"Naseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Medical University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an International University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, PR China, 710077"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1873-6510","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9775-0374","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guorui","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China, 710049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2026081111151630400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.003","article-title":"Metastasis","volume":"186","author":"Gerstberger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081111151630400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0237-9","article-title":"Guidelines\nand Definitions for Research on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081111151630400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.44","article-title":"Emt, Cscs, and Drug Resistance: The\nMechanistic Link\nand Clinical Implications","volume":"14","author":"Shibue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081111151630400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-024-00662-7","article-title":"Smart Molecular\nDesigns and Applications of Activatable Organic Photosensitizers","volume":"9","author":"Nestoros","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081111151630400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8406","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CS00599J","article-title":"Organic Photosensitizers:\nFrom Molecular\nDesign to Phototheranostics","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. 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Commun."},{"issue":"42","key":"2026081111151630400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202409981","article-title":"Biomimetic Activation of N-Nitrosamides with Red Light-Triggered\nNitric Oxide Release Via Mediated Electron Transfer","volume":"63","author":"Gan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. 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