{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:46:53Z","timestamp":1792784813051,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LHDMZ24H300002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHDMZ24H300002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["82373206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373206"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Jinhua City Science and Technology Project","award":["2024-3-145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-3-145"]}]},{"name":"Jinhua City Science and Technology Project","award":["2026-1-029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-1-029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oral peptide delivery systems are conventionally engineered to improve intestinal absorption, but they rarely address the progressive and systemic nature of chronic inflammatory disorders such as type-2 diabetes (T2D), which requires both durable glycemic control and immunometabolic management. Here, we report an oral delivery system based on porous calcium carbonate\/sodium alginate (PCC\/SA) microparticles loaded with exenatide-chitosan oligosaccharide (EXE-COS). The PCC\/SA carrier facilitates the efficient intestinal absorption and transepithelial transport of EXE-COS. Notably, in the lamina propria, EXE-COS can be selectively internalized by intestinal macrophages (ITMs) in vivo, driving their polarization toward anti-inflammatory M2-phenotypes. These M2-macrophages enable endogenous repackaging of exenatide into exosomes through orchestrated modulation of exosome biogenesis and trafficking. Through gut-organ axes, exosomes target diabetes-associated inflamed metabolic sites (pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue), establishing long-lived bioactive reservoirs to precisely restore tissue homeostasis and sustain glycemic control. Critically, a single oral dose of EXE-COS@PCC\/SA achieved up to 8 day hypoglycemic effects in db\/db mice following long-term administration, while concurrently improving systemic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. This intestinal macrophage-mediated in situ exosomal biogenesis and endogenous drug repackaging represents a versatile long-acting oral peptide platform, showing promise for durable and safe management of T2D and other chronic inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c08460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:01:48Z","timestamp":1789747308000},"page":"26038-26061","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intestinal Macrophage-Mediated\nExosomal Repackaging\nEstablishes Bioactive Reservoirs for Long-Acting Oral Peptide Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Linjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Ben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinjun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xufang","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9373-8466","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, P. R. China, 310058"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310009"]},{"name":"Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University , ,","place":["Jinhua, China, 321299"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909135232400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01931-z","article-title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor:\nMechanisms and Advances in Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct\nTarget Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092909135232400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0016-2","article-title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide\n1 in Health and Disease","volume":"14","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909135232400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00619-0","article-title":"Oral Delivery\nof Exenatide-Loaded\nHybrid Zein Nanoparticles for Stable Blood Glucose Control and Beta-Cell\nRepair of Type 2 Diabetes Mice","volume":"18","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909135232400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00791-0","article-title":"Metabolic and Immunomodulatory\nControl of Type 1 Diabetes\nVia Orally Delivered Bile-Acid-Polymer Nanocarriers of Insulin or\nRapamycin","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092909135232400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0355-7","article-title":"Pancreatic\nBeta-Cells in Type 1 and\nType 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Different Pathways to Failure","volume":"16","author":"Eizirik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909135232400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00898-1","article-title":"Inter-Organ Crosstalk\nduring Development\nand Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Xourafa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909135232400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","article-title":"Inflammation\nin\nObesity, Diabetes, and Related Disorders","volume":"55","author":"Rohm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909135232400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0769","article-title":"Insights into\nthe Role of the Microbiome in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Hartstra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092909135232400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00769-0","article-title":"Macrophages in Intestinal Homeostasis\nand Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"20","author":"Hegarty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol.\nHepatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909135232400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.08.005","article-title":"Macrophages\nin the Gut: Masters in Multitasking","volume":"55","author":"Delfini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909135232400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01951-9","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus\nin Adults: Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2022.04.002","article-title":"The Roles of Cell-Cell\nand Organ-Organ\nCrosstalk in the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated Inflammatory\nMicroenvironment","volume":"66","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012718","article-title":"Diversity,\nMechanisms, and Significance\nof Macrophage Plasticity","volume":"15","author":"Locati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. 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Colloid Interface\nSci."},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119788","article-title":"Gelation Behavior\nand Mechanism of Alginate with Calcium: Dependence on Monovalent Counterions","volume":"294","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092909135232400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16071","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.71","article-title":"Designing Hydrogels\nfor Controlled Drug Delivery","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909135232400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01092-6","article-title":"Intestinal\nPh: A Major Driver of Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolism","volume":"22","author":"Brinck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"32","key":"2026092909135232400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21091","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02560","article-title":"Milk Exosome-Liposome\nHybrid Vesicles\nwith Self-Adapting Surface Properties Overcome the Sequential Absorption\nBarriers for Oral Delivery of Peptides","volume":"18","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS\nNano"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909135232400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0198-4","article-title":"The Intestinal Microbiota\nFuelling Metabolic Inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Tilg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092909135232400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12758","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b04708","article-title":"Surface Wettability-Directed\nPropulsion of Glucose-Powered Nanoflask Motors","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092909135232400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10799","DOI":"10.1021\/nn4040553","article-title":"Cell Membranes\nOpen \u201cDoors\u201d for Cationic\nNanoparticles\/Biomolecules: Insights into Uptake Kinetics","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"34","key":"2026092909135232400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.05.021","article-title":"Interaction between\nO-Carboxymethylchitosan and Dipalmitoyl-Sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine\nBilayer","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"26","key":"2026092909135232400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.03.056","article-title":"Mechanism\nand Consequence of Chitosan-Mediated\nReversible Epithelial Tight Junction Opening","volume":"32","author":"Yeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04141-7","article-title":"Mucoadhesive and Corneal Permeable\nNano Eye Drops for Improved Anti-Glaucoma Therapy","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020117-044010","article-title":"Wnt\/Beta-Catenin\nSignaling in Liver Development, Homeostasis,\nand Pathobiology","volume":"13","author":"Russell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol"},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.08.131","article-title":"Protein\nMoiety in Oligochitosan Modified\nVector Regulates Internalization Mechanism and Gene Delivery: Polyplex\nCharacterization, Intracellular Trafficking and Transfection","volume":"202","author":"Kumari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026092909135232400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31169","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c09985","article-title":"Mucoadhesive and Self-Assembled Chitosan\nOligosaccharide-Glycyrrhizin\nNanoparticle for Oral Nanotherapeutic in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"19","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.119073","article-title":"Plasmablasts Induced by Chitosan Oligosaccharide Secrete\nNatural Igm to Enhance the Humoral Immunity in Grass Carp","volume":"281","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026092909135232400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14914","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00355","article-title":"Somatostatin\nand Mannooligosaccharide Modified Selenium Nanoparticles\nwith Dual-Targeting for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment","volume":"19","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909135232400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.07.009","article-title":"Colonic Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages Cause Insulin Resistance in\nan Intestinal Ccl2\/Ccr2-Dependent Manner","volume":"24","author":"Kawano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell\nMetab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092909135232400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1403","article-title":"Changes\nin Gut Microbiota Control\nMetabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in High-Fat Diet\u2013Induced\nObesity and Diabetes in Mice","volume":"57","author":"Cani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909135232400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202305363","article-title":"Reprogramming Macrophage Polarization,\nDepleting Ros by Astaxanthin\nand Thioketal-Containing Polymers Delivering Rapamycin for Osteoarthritis\nTreatment","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092909135232400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.12.019","article-title":"Mir-690, an Exosomal-Derived Mirna from M2-Polarized\nMacrophages, Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Mice","volume":"33","author":"Ying","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105150","article-title":"Fourteen\nComposite\nProbiotics Alleviate Type 2 Diabetes through Modulating Gut Microbiota\nand Modifying M1\/M2 Phenotype Macrophage in Db\/Db Mice","volume":"161","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909135232400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-025-00412-5","article-title":"M2Macrophages-Derived\nExosomes for\nOsteonecrosis of Femoral Head Treatment: Modulating Neutrophil Extracellular\nTraps Formation and Endothelial Phenotype Transition","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"issue":"27","key":"2026092909135232400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302029","article-title":"Melatonin\nEngineering M2Macrophage-Derived Exosomes Mediate Endoplasmic Reticulum\nStress and Immune Reprogramming for Periodontitis Therapy","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.07.014","article-title":"Elevation of P53 Sensitizes Obese Kidney to Adriamycin-Induced Aberrant\nLipid Homeostasis Via Repressing Hnf4alpha-Mediated Fgf21 Sensitivity","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114450","article-title":"Extracellular\nVesicles for Improved Tumor Accumulation and Penetration","volume":"188","author":"Bie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092909135232400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.03.040","article-title":"Precise Nanoscale Fabrication\nTechnologies, the \u2033Last Mile\u2033 of Medicinal Development","volume":"15","author":"Bi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092909135232400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0286-3","article-title":"The Role\nof Macrophages in Obesity-Associated\nIslet Inflammation and Beta-Cell Abnormalities","volume":"16","author":"Ying","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909135232400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201416","article-title":"Mitophagy-Mediated\nAdipose Inflammation Contributes to Type 2 Diabetes with Hepatic Insulin\nResistance","volume":"218","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"9467","key":"2026092909135232400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61032-X","article-title":"Type 2\nDiabetes: Principles of Pathogenesis\nand Therapy","volume":"365","author":"Stumvoll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7170","key":"2026092909135232400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06261","article-title":"Small\nMolecule Activators of Sirt1 as Therapeutics for the Treatment of\nType 2 Diabetes","volume":"450","author":"Milne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026092909135232400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101813","article-title":"Polysulfide-Mediated\nSulfhydration\nof Sirt1 Prevents Diabetic Nephropathy by Suppressing Phosphorylation\nand Acetylation of P65 Nf-Kappab and Stat3","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c08460","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/38\/26038\/68557158\/acsnano.6c08460.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/38\/26038\/68557158\/acsnano.6c08460.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:36:15Z","timestamp":1790688975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/20\/38\/26038\/5432846\/Intestinal-Macrophage-Mediated-Exosomal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c08460","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}