{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:07:24Z","timestamp":1790690844208,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003693","name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26E0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26E0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024- 00452255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024- 00452255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GIST InnoCORE KH0860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIST InnoCORE KH0860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Near-infrared (NIR) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are emerging as key platforms for on-chip optical communication and sensing, driven by their compatibility with silicon photonics and low-loss operation in telecom wavelength bands. However, conventional photodetectors based on Si, Ge, and III\u2013V semiconductors require high-temperature processing and are difficult to integrate with polymeric or low-index photonic systems. Organic photodetectors (OPDs) offer a promising alternative, enabling efficient NIR light\u2013matter interaction and photodetection while remaining compatible with low-temperature, solution-processed fabrication. Here, we demonstrate a plasmonic nanogap OPD architecture that enables efficient photodetection within an extremely confined nanoscale channel and direct integration with few-micron-width waveguides. Au\/Al nanogap electrodes generate strongly localized plasmonic fields and facilitate efficient carrier extraction. With a photomultiplication-type bulk heterojunction, the device achieves high responsivity and quantum efficiency, along with ultralow dark current and a fast temporal response. The waveguide-integrated device detects guided optical signals at multimode interference outputs with consistent modulation response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c08504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:04:26Z","timestamp":1789470266000},"page":"26062-26073","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Near-Infrared Plasmonic\nNanogap Organic Photodetectors\nfor On-Chip Photonic Integration"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Danbi","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]},{"name":"Yonsei University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03722"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]},{"name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Gwangju, Republic of Korea, 61005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0428-5117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Changsoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , ,","place":["Suwon, Republic of Korea, 16419"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Pyo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]},{"name":"Korea University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02841"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8736-9262","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Do Kyung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]},{"name":"Korea University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02841"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology (UST) , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5521-7336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wassie M.","family":"Takele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico , , , ,","place":["Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5978-6464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Terefe G.","family":"Habteyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico , , , ,","place":["Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87131"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1030-9920","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeong Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03722"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9302-4825","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"In\u2212Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology (UST) , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3575-9140","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jae-Hoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-3855","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jung Ah","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]},{"name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Gwangju, Republic of Korea, 61005"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology (UST) , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02792"]},{"name":"Yonsei University , , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03722"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026092909133259500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2017.2717863","article-title":"System-on-chip photonic integrated circuits","volume":"24","author":"Kish","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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Quantum\nElectron"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092909133259500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200094","DOI":"10.29026\/oea.2021.200094","article-title":"An advanced\nIII-V-on-silicon photonic\nintegration platform","volume":"4","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opto-Electron. Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909133259500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics2031005","article-title":"Hybrid Photonic Integration\non a Polymer Platform","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photonics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092909133259500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202518958","article-title":"Photomultiplication-Type\nOrganic Photodetectors: Mechanisms, Integration\nToward Next-Generation Sensing Platforms","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv.\nFunct. 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Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909133259500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1021\/nl3001309","article-title":"Nanoplasmonics:\nClassical down to the Nanometer Scale","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano\nLett"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092909133259500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-019-0745-8","article-title":"Sub-femtosecond electron transport in a nanoscale gap","volume":"16","author":"Ludwig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092909133259500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2010.176","article-title":"Optical rectification\nand field enhancement in a plasmonic nanogap","volume":"5","author":"Ward","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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