{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:34:07Z","timestamp":1786466047511,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cangzhou Research Institute","award":["TGCYY-F-0310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TGCYY-F-0310"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52103077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52103077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52403358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52403358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["92263209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92263209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U25A20224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U25A20224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>High-resolution quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are pivotal for the development of next-generation displays. While transfer printing is effective for fabricating high-resolution QLEDs with small pixels, accurately transferring nanoscale patterns with narrow spacing and gaps remains a challenge, limiting achievable pixel densities. Here, we report a robust stretch-assisted transfer printing strategy for fabricating QLEDs with ultrahigh pixel density. This method overcomes the challenge of transferring nanoscale patterns with narrow spacing and gaps by temporarily expanding feature spacing via applied strain. Efficient QD transfer is achieved, and upon strain release, the spacing contracts to form ultrahigh-resolution nanopatterns. As a result, red, green, and blue QD nanopatterns with an ultrahigh resolution of 33,400 pixels per inch (PPI) and a record-minimum gap of 270 nm are achieved. Thanks to the closely packed QD nanopatterns, leakage current is effectively suppressed, enabling the fabrication of high-performance, ultrahigh-resolution red QLEDs (33,400 PPI) with an average external quantum efficiency (EQE) of approximately 20.3%. Both green and blue QLEDs show no significant efficiency degradation at these nanoscale dimensions. This work provides an additional route for high-performance, ultrahigh-resolution QLEDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c08987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:12:48Z","timestamp":1785129168000},"page":"22160-22170","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engineering Ultrahigh-Resolution\nQuantum Dot Light-Emitting\nDiodes through Stretch-Assisted Transfer Printing"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1584-3675","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sen","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]},{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3119-8613","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5543-4471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"An","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, China, 200433"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5860-5967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dilong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230031"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7578-0900","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9395-5310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1202-4224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tiangong University , , ,","place":["Tianjin, China, 300387"]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230031"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-021-00643-4","article-title":"Three-Dimensional\nFoldable Quantum Dot Light-emitting Diodes","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-025-01836-5","article-title":"Ultrahigh-Resolution\nNanoimprint Patterning\nof Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes via Capillary\nSelf-Assembly","volume":"20","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. 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China Mater."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7643","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62345-1","article-title":"Long-Range Order Enhance Performance\nof Patterned Blue Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"16","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10333-w","article-title":"Nanoscale\nTransfer-Printed\nFull-colour Ultrahigh-Resolution Quantum Dot LEDs","volume":"652","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6c00602","article-title":"Ultrahigh-Resolution\nTransfer Patterning of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting\nDiodes via Soft-Contact Polymer Interface Engineering","volume":"26","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aea0753","article-title":"Efficient\nAgInGaS-Based QLEDs and\nFull-Color Displays via Uniform Silver Vacancy Distribution","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-024-01496-x","article-title":"Highly\nEfficient Printed Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Through Ultrahigh-Definition\nDouble-Layer Transfer Printing","volume":"18","author":"Yoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01182-5","article-title":"Direct\nPatterning of Colloidal Quantum Dots with Adaptable\nDual-Ligand Surface","volume":"17","author":"Hahm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c04230","article-title":"Ligand-Nondestructive Direct Photolithography Assisted\nby Semiconductor Polymer Cross-Linking for High-Resolution Quantum\nDot Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"24","author":"Qie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan2958","article-title":"Direct Optical Lithography\nof Functional Inorganic Nanomaterials","volume":"357","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4125","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-021-3352-9","article-title":"High Performance\nInkjet-printed QLEDs with 18.3% EQE: Improving Interfacial Contact\nby Novel Halogen-free BinarySolvent System","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8605","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.1c02470","article-title":"Quantum Dot Self-Assembly\nDeposition in Physically Confined Microscale Space by using an Inkjet\nPrinting Technique","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1021\/nl503779e","article-title":"High-Resolution\nPatterns of Quantum Dots Formed by Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing\nfor Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903648","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201903648","article-title":"In Situ Inkjet Printing Strategy\nfor Fabricating Perovskite Quantum Dot Patterns","volume":"29","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107798","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107798","article-title":"A Universal Ternary-Solvent-Ink\nStrategy Toward Efficient Inkjet-Printed\nPerovskite Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"34","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1532","article-title":"Transfer\nPrinting by Kinetic Control of Adhesion to an Elastomeric Stamp","volume":"5","author":"Meitl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68061","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c13739","article-title":"High-Fidelity Pick-and-Place Transfer\nPrinting of Colloidal Quantum Dot Pixel Arrays via a Composite Stamp","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01601-3","article-title":"Ultrahigh-Resolution,\nHigh-Fidelity Quantum Dot Pixels Patterned by Dielectric Electrophoretic\nDeposition","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303329","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202303329","article-title":"High-Resolution, Highly Transparent,\nand Efficient Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"35","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7149","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8149","article-title":"Wearable\nRed\u2013Green\u2013Blue\nQuantum Dot Light-Emitting Diode Array Using High-Resolution Intaglio\nTransfer Printing","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14125","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c04545","article-title":"High-Performance, High-Resolution Quantum Dot Light-Emitting\nDiodes with Self-Assembly Single-Molecular Interface Modification","volume":"24","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2510076","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202510076","article-title":"Ultrahigh-Resolution Full-color Quantum\nDot LEDs Based On Region-Selective Interfacial Self-Assembly","volume":"35","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4236","DOI":"10.1039\/c3sm27871a","article-title":"Mechanical\nStretch for Tunable Wetting\nfrom Topological PDMS Film","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7391","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c18423","article-title":"Scalable Manufacturing of Low-Symmetry Plasmonic Nanospindle Arrays\nwith Tunable Surface Lattice Resonance","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS\nNano"},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c19595","article-title":"Spray-Deposited Anisotropic\nFerromagnetic Hybrid Polymer Films of PS-b-PMMA and\nStrontium Hexaferrite Magnetic Nanoplatelets","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7692","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304187","article-title":"The Active\nLayer Morphology of Organic Solar Cells Probed with Grazing Incidence\nScattering Techniques","volume":"26","author":"Mu\u0308ller-Buschbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107667","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202107667","article-title":"In Situ Study\nof FePt\nNanoparticles-Induced Morphology Development During Printing of Magnetic\nHybrid Diblock Copolymer Films","volume":"32","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct.\nMater."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906742","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201906742","article-title":"Highly Efficient Quantum\nDot Light-Emitting Diodes By Inserting Multiple Poly(methyl methacrylate)\nas Electron-Blocking Layers","volume":"29","author":"Rahmati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11082014","article-title":"Optimizing the PMMA Electron-Blocking Layer of Quantum\nDot Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"11","author":"Zvaigzne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3637","article-title":"Heterogeneous Stacking of Nanodot\nMonolayers by Dry Pick-and-Place Transfer and Its Applications in\nQuantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"aac5523","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac5523","article-title":"Building Devices\nfrom Colloidal Quantum Dots","volume":"353","author":"Kagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081111143663800_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25955-z","article-title":"Surface State-Induced\nBarrierless Carrier Injection in Quantum Dot Electroluminescent Devices","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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