{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:52:17Z","timestamp":1789487537255,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007750","name":"National Cheng Kung University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Integrating mechanical and optical energy harvesting within a single piezoelectric semiconductor platform remains challenging because photoexcited carriers readily screen the piezoelectric potential and suppress nanogenerator output. Here, we realize highly crystalline, polarity-defined N-polar InGaN\/GaN nanorods with opposite axial In gradients and correspondingly opposite built-in electrostatic profiles. Depth-sensitive, angle-resolved hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-HAXPES) reveals opposite equilibrium band-bending profiles\u2500surface carrier accumulation in In-increasing nanorods but depletion in In-decreasing ones\u2500showing that polarization grading redistributes as-grown mobile carriers and that only the In-increasing configuration establishes the internal electrostatics needed to suppress carrier screening and preserve the piezoelectric potential during nanogenerator operation. In vertically integrated nanogenerators (VINGs), this asymmetry produces a much larger output from the In-increasing device than from the In-decreasing one, together with more favorable transient behavior and energy-storage performance, and is further amplified under illumination, which enhances the output of the In-increasing device while suppressing that of the In-decreasing one, consistent with opposite photoscreening dynamics set by the grading-defined built-in fields. These results demonstrate hybrid mechanical\u2013optical energy harvesting in direct-band gap piezoelectric semiconductors such as III-nitrides, where light and strain act cooperatively rather than competitively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c09038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:25:18Z","timestamp":1788409518000},"page":"24893-24901","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polarization-Gradient\nEngineering of InGaN Nanorods\nfor Hybrid Mechanical\u2013Optical Energy Harvesting"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Shong","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University , , ,","place":["Tainan, Taiwan, 70101"]},{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) , ,","place":["Hsinchu, Taiwan, 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10617"]},{"name":"National Taiwan University , , ,","place":["Taipei, Taiwan, 10617"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1311-8342","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chia-Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) , ,","place":["Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5108-4510","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chung-Lin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University , , ,","place":["Tainan, Taiwan, 70101"]},{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) , ,","place":["Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30076"]},{"name":"National Cheng Kung University , , ,","place":["Tainan, Taiwan, 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