{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:45:10Z","timestamp":1792784710366,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDC0120200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDC0120200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22121003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22121003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["L2424205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2424205"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Viral infections pose a persistent challenge to global public health and cause millions of infections and substantial mortality each year. There is therefore an urgent need for effective antiviral strategies to limit the transmission of viruses such as influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we report a copper imidazole-carboxylate coordinated nanozyme (Cu-ImCar) with high esterase-mimicking activity and potent antiviral performance. Mechanistic studies reveal that Cu-ImCar nanozyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipid components in the viral envelope, leading to structural disruption and rapid loss of viral infectivity. In addition, the nanozyme demonstrates excellent catalytic stability and tolerance to extreme conditions. When functionalized onto fabrics, Cu-ImCar nanozyme efficiently inactivated influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus over a wide temperature range (\u221220 to 37 \u00b0C). Notably, at a moderately elevated temperature of 50 \u00b0C, it reduces viral titers to undetectable levels within 5 min, even at the low loading level (6.25 \u03bcg cm\u20132). These findings establish Cu-ImCar as a robust antiviral nanozyme with broad environmental adaptability and highlight the potential of esterase-mimicking catalysis as an effective strategy for viral inactivation and transmission control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c10198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T10:05:45Z","timestamp":1790589945000},"page":"27191-27209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrolytic Disruption\nof Viral Envelopes for Broad-Adaptive\nAntiviral Protection by an Esterase-Mimicking Nanozyme based on Copper\nImidazole-Carboxylate Coordination"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Caiyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 101408"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingkang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Luoyang, China, 471003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2441-9781","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Military Medical Science , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100071"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-352X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiyun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 101408"]},{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]},{"name":"Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0265-4027","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lizeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100101"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 101408"]},{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450001"]},{"name":"Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, China, 450052"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01080-4","article-title":"Burden of Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by Influenza\nVirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and SARS-CoV-2 with Consideration\nof Older Adults: A Narrative Review","volume":"14","author":"Hanage","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infect.\nDis. Ther."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61459-6","article-title":"Viral Pneumonia","volume":"377","author":"Ruuskanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00982-5","article-title":"Influenza","volume":"400","author":"Uyeki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12963","article-title":"The Economic Burden of Influenza among Adults Aged\n18 to 64: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"16","author":"de Courville","year":"2022","journal-title":"Influenza\nOther Respir. Viruses"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097211","article-title":"Mapping the Antigenic\nand Genetic Evolution of Influenza Virus","volume":"305","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2014.9","article-title":"Host Adaptation and Transmission\nof Influenza A Viruses\nin Mammals","volume":"3","author":"Schrauwen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerging Microbes Infect."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00040-22","article-title":"Antiviral Approaches\nagainst Influenza Virus","volume":"36","author":"Kumari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd9149","article-title":"Airborne Transmission\nof Respiratory\nViruses","volume":"373","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2605.190994","article-title":"Nonpharmaceutical Measures for Pandemic Influenza in\nNonhealthcare Settings-Personal Protective and Environmental Measures","volume":"26","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.013","article-title":"Antivirals with Common Targets against\nHighly Pathogenic Viruses","volume":"184","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1038\/82191","article-title":"The Broad-Spectrum\nAntiviral Ribonucleoside Ribavirin Is an RNA Virus Mutagen","volume":"6","author":"Crotty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01307-2","article-title":"Antivirals for Treatment\nof Severe Influenza: A Systematic Review\nand Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials","volume":"404","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.7193","article-title":"Antiviral\nMedications\nfor Treatment of Nonsevere Influenza: A Systematic Review and Network\nMeta-Analysis","volume":"185","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Int. Med."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00007-4","article-title":"First Detection\nof SARS-Cov-2 Spike\nProtein N501 Mutation in Italy in August, 2020","volume":"21","author":"Fiorentini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04385-3","article-title":"Omicron Escapes the\nMajority of Existing SARS-Cov-2\nNeutralizing Antibodies","volume":"602","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2119407","article-title":"Efficacy of Antibodies\nand Antiviral Drugs against Covid-19 Omicron Variant","volume":"386","author":"Takashita","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03777-9","article-title":"Reduced Sensitivity of SARS-Cov-2 Variant Delta\nto Antibody Neutralization","volume":"596","author":"Planas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2895-3","article-title":"Spike Mutation D614G Alters SARS-Cov-2\nFitness","volume":"592","author":"Plante","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.01.022","article-title":"Persistence\nof Coronaviruses on Inanimate Surfaces and Their Inactivation with\nBiocidal Agents","volume":"104","author":"Kampf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.10.032","article-title":"The Crucial Role\nof Wiping in Decontamination of High-Touch\nEnvironmental Surfaces: Review of Current Status and Directions for\nthe Future","volume":"41","author":"Sattar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2017.04.003","article-title":"Effectiveness of Personal\nProtective Measures in Reducing Pandemic Influenza Transmission: A\nSystematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Saunders-Hastings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4049","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17922-x","article-title":"Face Mask Use in\nthe General Population and Optimal\nResource Allocation During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Worby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2610.200948","article-title":"Effectiveness\nof Cloth Masks for\nProtection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2","volume":"26","author":"Chughtai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2021.101077","article-title":"Face Masks and Nanotechnology:\nKeep the Blue Side Up","volume":"37","author":"Palmieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56725","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c12227","article-title":"Protective\nFace Masks: Current Status\nand Future Trends","volume":"13","author":"Tun\u0303o\u0301n-Molina","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.05.016","article-title":"The Dangers\nof Reused Personal Protective Equipment: Healthcare Workers and Workstation\nContamination","volume":"127","author":"Doos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100176","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.202100176","article-title":"Environmental Impacts of Personal\nProtective Clothing Used to Combat\nCOVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Uddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sustainable Syst."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-001-0106-x","article-title":"Virolytic Action of Lipoprotein Lipase on Hepatitis C Virus in Human\nSera","volume":"191","author":"Thomssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01790-06","article-title":"Lysis of\nHuman Immunodeficiency Virus\nType 1 by A Specific Secreted Human Phospholipase A2","volume":"81","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112351","article-title":"Phospholipase A2 Isolated from the Venom of Crotalus\nDurissus Terrificus Inactivates Dengue Virus and Other Enveloped Viruses\nby Disrupting the Viral Envelope","volume":"9","author":"Muller","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16130-w","article-title":"Broad-Spectrum\nAntiviral Agents: Secreted Phospholipase A2 Targets Viral Envelope\nLipid Bilayers Derived from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026101310100854600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109900","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.22.109900","article-title":"Broad-Spectrum Virucidal\nActivity of Bacterial Secreted Lipases Against\nFlaviviruses, SARS-Cov-2 and Other Enveloped Viruses","volume":"2020","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62063-8","article-title":"Nanozymes Expanding the Boundaries\nof Biocatalysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6920","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.35826","article-title":"Catalytic Inactivation\nof Influenza\nVirus by Iron Oxide Nanozyme","volume":"9","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43176-4","article-title":"Diatomic Iron\nNanozyme with Lipoxidase-Like Activity for Efficient Inactivation\nof Enveloped Virus","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206421","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202206421","article-title":"A Manganese-Based Metal-Organic\nFramework as a Cold-Adapted Nanozyme","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309669","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309669","article-title":"Low-Temperature Adaptive Single-Atom\nIron Nanozymes against Viruses in the Cold Chain","volume":"36","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-02041-5","article-title":"Inhalable Nanocatalytic\nTherapeutics for Viral Pneumonia","volume":"24","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2025.102634","article-title":"Precisely\nMimicking Lipoxidase with Histidine Coordinated Fe-MOF for Temperature-Adaptive\nAntiviral Protection","volume":"61","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-024-01108-7","article-title":"Abridgement of Microbial Esterases\nand Their Eminent\nIndustrial Endeavors","volume":"67","author":"Akram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adu2454","article-title":"Computational Design of Serine Hydrolases","volume":"388","author":"Lauko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798194","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.798194","article-title":"Mechanism and Structural\nInsights into a Novel Esterase, E53, Isolated from Erythrobacter Longus","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108054","article-title":"Substrate-Enzyme\nInteractions and Catalytic Mechanism in a Novel Family VI Esterase\nwith Dibutyl Phthalate-Hydrolyzing Activity","volume":"178","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28938-w","article-title":"Mechanism\nand Biomass Association of Glucuronoyl Esterase:\nAn \u0391\/\u0392 Hydrolase with Potential in Biomass Conversion","volume":"13","author":"Zong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2022.03.001","article-title":"Solid Lewis\nAcid-Base Pair Catalysts\nConstructed by Regulations on Defects of Uio-66 for the Catalytic\nHydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde","volume":"402","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b05324","article-title":"Lewis Acid-Base Synergistic\nCatalysis for Polyethylene Terephthalate Degradation by 1,3-Dimethylurea\/Zn(OAc)2 Deep Eutectic Solvent","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable\nChem. Eng."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50687-1","article-title":"Biomimetic\nSynergistic Effect of Redox Site and Lewis Acid for Construction of\nEfficient Artificial Enzyme","volume":"15","author":"Si","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114311","article-title":"Hydrazino-Containing\nZr-MOF for Enhanced\nLewis Acid-Base Catalysis of CO2 Fixation into Cyclocarbonate","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24162","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c05516","article-title":"Surface Au-H Species as Self-Generated\nProsthetic Groups of a Formate Dehydrogenase-like Au Nanozyme to Engineer\nMultienzymatic Activities","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/162746a0","article-title":"Order of Stability of Metal Complexes","volume":"162","author":"Irving","year":"1948","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7512","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00364a005","article-title":"Absolute Hardness -\nCompanion Parameter to Absolute\nElectronegativity","volume":"105","author":"Parr","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28344-2","article-title":"Data-Informed Discovery\nof Hydrolytic Nanozymes","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.0c00986","article-title":"Uncovering the Role\nof Metal-Organic Framework Topology on the Capture and Reactivity\nof Chemical Warfare Agents","volume":"32","author":"Son","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2025.126977","article-title":"Lipid Envelopes\nof Influenza A and SARS-Cov-2 Virus\n\u2013 Physicochemical Description of 2D and 3D Models","volume":"423","author":"Zaborowska-Mazurkiewicz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.004","article-title":"Evidence That Contaminated\nSurfaces Contribute to the Transmission of Hospital Pathogens and\nAn Overview of Strategies to Address Contaminated Surfaces in Hospital\nSettings","volume":"41","author":"Otter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3150-5","article-title":"Deposition of Respiratory Virus Pathogens on Frequently Touched Surfaces\nat Airports","volume":"18","author":"Ikonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2023.101720","article-title":"Current Perspectives\non the Development of Virucidal Nano Surfaces","volume":"67","author":"Linklater","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319828","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1319828","article-title":"The Survival of Murine Hepatitis\nVirus (a Surrogate of SARS-Cov-2) on Conventional Packaging Materials\nunder Cold Chain Conditions","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bsheal.2020.11.003","article-title":"Cold-Chain Transportation\nin the Frozen Food Industry May Have Caused A Recurrence of COVID-19\nCases in Destination: Successful Isolation of SARS-Cov-2 Virus from\nthe Imported Frozen Cod Package Surface","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosaf\nHealth"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2025.111869","article-title":"Microbial Safety in\nCold-Preserved Foods: Risks, Regulatory Gaps, and Mitigation Strategies","volume":"182","author":"Jha","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27750","article-title":"SARS-Cov-2 Cold-Chain Transmission: Characteristics,\nRisks, and Strategies","volume":"94","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa264","article-title":"Cold-Chain Food Contamination as the Possible Origin\nof COVID-19 Resurgence in Beijing","volume":"7","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl. Sci.\nRev."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194103","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0007045","article-title":"CP2K:\nAn Electronic Structure and Molecular Dynamics Software Package\n- Quickstep: Efficient and Accurate Electronic Structure Calculations","volume":"152","author":"Ku\u0308hne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3865","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865","article-title":"Generalized\nGradient Approximation\nMade Simple","volume":"77","author":"Perdew","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1063\/1.478401","article-title":"Assessment of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof\nExchange-Correlation\nFunctional","volume":"110","author":"Ernzerhof","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3382344","article-title":"A Consistent and Accurate\nAb Initio Parametrization of Density Functional Dispersion Correction\n(DFT-D) for the 94 Elements H-Pu","volume":"132","author":"Grimme","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21759","article-title":"Effect of the Damping Function in\nDispersion Corrected Density Functional Theory","volume":"32","author":"Grimme","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.22885","article-title":"A Multifunctional\nWavefunction Analyzer","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"082503","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0216272","article-title":"A Comprehensive\nElectron Wavefunction Analysis Toolbox for Chemists, Multiwfn","volume":"161","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889811038970","article-title":"VESTA 3 for Three-Dimensional\nVisualization of Crystal, Volumetric\nand Morphology Data","volume":"44","author":"Momma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."},{"key":"2026101310100854600_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408","article-title":"A Simple Method of\nEstimating Fifty Per Cent Endpoints","volume":"27","author":"Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am. J.\nHyg."}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c10198","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/40\/27191\/68672951\/acsnano.6c10198.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/40\/27191\/68672951\/acsnano.6c10198.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:49:22Z","timestamp":1791917362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/20\/40\/27191\/5439729\/Hydrolytic-Disruption-of-Viral-Envelopes-for-Broad"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c10198","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]}}}