{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:44:56Z","timestamp":1791924296872,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001109","name":"Flinn Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Translational seed grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Translational seed grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["DK142564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK142564"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Accurate endoscopic marking of suspicious lesions and polyps is essential for the effective surgical management of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Currently, lesion localization relies on submucosal injection of a carbon-based tattoo ink; however, this ink exhibits extensive tissue diffusion and extravasation, leading to poor spatial fidelity, compromised precision, and risk for fibrotic responses. Given the need for contrast relative to endoscopic white light and biocompatibility, we report here the design and evaluation of melanin-inspired nanoparticle tattoo (MINT) inks, formulated from synthetic melanin nanoparticles and biopolymer-encapsulated synthetic melanin. MINT inks are designed to be durable, high-contrast, easily injectable, and colloidally stable for at least 2 months and to elicit minimal macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses in vitro. In live porcine colon studies, submucosal injection of MINT inks resulted in highly localized tattoos with minimal lateral spread over 9 weeks of follow-up, which is a significant advantage over the extensive diffusion observed with clinical carbon ink. MINT tattoo markings were distinctly visible from both mucosal and serosal surfaces of the intestine and enabled reproducible multipoint and quadrant-based marking, which enhanced spatial orientation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that MINT inks are biocompatible and capable of providing precise, long-lasting, high-contrast marking of lesions in the colon. By overcoming the limitations of conventional carbon-particle-based tattoos, MINT inks represent a promising next-generation contrast agent for improving endoscopic localization and surgical outcomes in GI diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c11696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:02:13Z","timestamp":1790769733000},"page":"27312-27327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Melanin-Inspired\nNanoparticle Tattoo Inks for Precise\nMarking and Surveillance of Gastrointestinal Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8676-7282","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mallikarjun","family":"Gosangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingchen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4133-474X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jordan R.","family":"Yaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Pannala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic , , , ,","place":["Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85259"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7423-2520","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaushal","family":"Rege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]},{"name":"Arizona State University , , , ,","place":["Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85287"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03325-y","article-title":"Carbohydrate quality, not quantity,\nlinked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US\npopulations: evidence from a prospective study","volume":"22","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21772","article-title":"Colorectal\ncancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer Journal\nfor Clinicians"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101310085301600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.0000000000000155","article-title":"Achieving\nCompetence in Endoscopy","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACG Case Rep. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310085301600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303796","article-title":"Colorectal cancers soon after colonoscopy: a pooled multicohort analysis","volume":"63","author":"Robertson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101310085301600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2020.0104","article-title":"Endoscopic\ntattooing\nfor colorectal lesions: impact on quality of care and patient outcomes","volume":"102","author":"Nahid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310085301600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.17038","article-title":"Endoscopic\nclips allow for accurate pre-operative localisation of colorectal\ncancer","volume":"91","author":"Parys","year":"2021","journal-title":"ANZ. J. Surg"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101310085301600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14131363","article-title":"Diagnostic Benefits and Surgical\nImplications of Methods for Tumor Localization in Sigmoid and Rectum\nTumors","volume":"14","author":"Gul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310085301600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S2212-0971(13)70155-9","article-title":"Endoscopic\nTattooing","volume":"1","author":"Pohl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of\nGI Endoscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000555","article-title":"Endoscopic Removal\nof Colorectal Lesions: Recommendations\nby the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer","volume":"115","author":"Kaltenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10\nSuppl. 3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit10","first-page":"1","article-title":"New Strategies\nto Improve Polypectomy During Colonoscopy","volume":"13","author":"Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol\nHepatol (N Y)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310085301600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2010.02423.x","article-title":"Leaving\na mark: the frequency and accuracy of tattooing prior to laparoscopic\ncolorectal surgery","volume":"13","author":"Conaghan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310085301600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00013","article-title":"Endoscopic\ntattoo agents in the colon. Tissue responses and clinical implications","volume":"20","author":"Lane","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101310085301600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-017-0770-z","article-title":"Successful endoscopic\nsubmucosal dissection of colon cancer with severe fibrosis after tattooing","volume":"10","author":"Chiba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J. Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101310085301600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1110032","article-title":"[Toluidin\nblue in gastrointestinal endoscopy]","volume":"48","author":"Retter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Z. Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310085301600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07443-5","article-title":"Timing of indocyanine\ngreen injection prior to laparoscopic colorectal surgery for tumor\nlocalization: a prospective case series","volume":"35","author":"Satoyoshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg\nEndosc"},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.26444\/jpccr\/128226","article-title":"Application of endoscopic\ntattooing in intraoperative localization\nof colon tumours and sentinel lymph nodes","volume":"14","author":"Nowak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal\nof Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101310085301600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2008.01706.x","article-title":"Colonic tattooing in laparoscopic\nsurgery - making the mark?","volume":"11","author":"Yeung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310085301600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(91)70868-7","article-title":"A pure charcoal\nsuspension for colonoscopic tattoo","volume":"37","author":"Naveau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastrointest\nEndosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310085301600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(93)70269-2","article-title":"Endoscopic\nIndia ink injection: a\nmethod for preparation, sterilization, and administration","volume":"39","author":"Salomon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101310085301600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.06.019","article-title":"Mind the gap: submucosal\ndiffusion of tattoo into the resection defect","volume":"90","author":"Shahidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310085301600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2016.0304","article-title":"Liver abscess secondary to an endoscopic\ntattoo in the colon","volume":"99","author":"Aawsaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310085301600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5236-8","article-title":"Preoperative\nlocalization of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Acuna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101310085301600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076817712244","article-title":"Endoscopic\ntattoo: the importance and need for standardised guidelines and protocol","volume":"110","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. R Soc. Med."},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S451","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201310001-01511","article-title":"Endoscopic Tattooing\nSite Presenting as Colonic Pseudotumor","volume":"108","author":"Sathyamurthy","year":"2013","journal-title":"American\nJournal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2014.64.1.45","article-title":"Colonic abscess\ninduced by India ink tattooing","volume":"64","author":"Bang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55231-6_40","article-title":"Using India Ink\nas a Sensor for Oximetry:\nEvidence of its Safety as a Medical Device","volume":"977","author":"Flood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1159\/000492811","article-title":"Overstaged\nRectal Cancer by MRI due to Fibrosis Induced by Tattoo Marker","volume":"12","author":"Gasljevic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep. Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310085301600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.004817","article-title":"Tattooing or not? A review of current\npractice and outcomes for laparoscopic colonic resection following\nendoscopy at a tertiary care centre","volume":"60","author":"Letarte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J.\nSurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101310085301600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705725","article-title":"Endoscopic\nlocalization of colon\ncancers","volume":"8","author":"Vignati","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2016.11.017","article-title":"Nanoparticle passage\nthrough porcine jejunal mucus: Microfluidics and rheology","volume":"13","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2010.11.022","article-title":"Interaction\nof cellulose-based cationic polyelectrolytes with mucin","volume":"83","author":"Mazoniene","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2007.00226.x","article-title":"The protective role of melanin against UV damage in\nhuman skin","volume":"84","author":"Brenner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101310085301600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4312","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b01413","article-title":"Natural Eumelanin and Its Derivatives as Multifunctional\nMaterials for Bioinspired Applications: A Review","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101310085301600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1021\/ar500273y","article-title":"Polydopamine\nand Eumelanin: From Structure\u2013Property Relationships to a Unified\nTailoring Strategy","volume":"47","author":"d\u2019Ischia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1080\/14686996.2020.1852057","article-title":"Progress in\npolydopamine-based melanin mimetic materials for structural color\ngeneration","volume":"21","author":"Kohri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"5849","key":"2026101310085301600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147241","article-title":"Mussel-inspired\nsurface chemistry for multifunctional coatings","volume":"318","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.06.024","article-title":"Poly-dopamine, poly-levodopa,\nand poly-norepinephrine coatings: Comparison\nof physico-chemical and biological properties with focus on the application\nfor blood-contacting devices","volume":"6","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-023-00331-1","article-title":"Topical application of synthetic melanin promotes tissue\nrepair","volume":"8","author":"Biyashev","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Regenerative Medicine"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026101310085301600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31864","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c08603","article-title":"Polydopamine Adhesion: Catechol,\nAmine, Dihydroxyindole, and Aggregation Dynamics","volume":"16","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"36","key":"2026101310085301600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30943","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b09774","article-title":"Deposition and Adhesion\nof Polydopamine\non the Surfaces of Varying Wettability","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS\nAppl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310085301600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c22295","article-title":"Surface\nForce Measurements of Mussel-Inspired Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives","volume":"14","author":"Degen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66530-0","article-title":"Rapid photocontrollable\ndopamine polymerization for instant adaptive wet adhesion","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5849","key":"2026101310085301600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147241","article-title":"Mussel-Inspired\nSurface Chemistry for Multifunctional Coatings","volume":"318","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2026.124548","article-title":"Hydrophilic polydopamine (hPDA) fueled bioglue enhances\ntissue adhesion and promotes healing of avascular meniscus tears","volume":"337","author":"Jani","year":"2027","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310085301600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9384","DOI":"10.1021\/nn404117j","article-title":"Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine:\nA Biocompatible and Ultrastable Coating\nfor Nanoparticles in Vivo","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"46","key":"2026101310085301600_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14222","DOI":"10.1021\/la403124u","article-title":"Strong Adhesion\nand Cohesion of Chitosan in Aqueous Solutions","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aiepr.2023.07.002","article-title":"Chitosan-based nanostructured biomaterials: Synthesis,\nproperties, and biomedical applications","volume":"7","author":"Ul-Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced\nIndustrial and Engineering Polymer Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310085301600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041313","article-title":"Chitosan:\nA Potential Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and\nBiomedical Applications","volume":"15","author":"Desai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026101310085301600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.04.026","article-title":"Quaternization\nenhances the transgene expression efficacy of aminoglycoside-derived\npolymers","volume":"489","author":"Miryala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310085301600_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1021\/bm060436s","article-title":"Synthesis and Physicochemical\nand Dynamic Mechanical Properties of a Water-Soluble Chitosan Derivative\nas a Biomaterial","volume":"7","author":"Cho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.04.026","article-title":"Quaternization\nenhances the transgene expression efficacy of aminoglycoside-derived\npolymers","volume":"489","author":"Miryala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cbmi.5c00275","article-title":"Dual-Dye Nanoparticle\nInks for Multimodal Visualization in Surgical Applications","author":"Gosangi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chemical & Biomedical Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-3057(91)90111-Z","article-title":"Chemical modification of chitosan\nby glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride. characterization of modified\nchitosan by 13C- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy","volume":"27","author":"Loubaki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur.\nPolym. J."},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5547","DOI":"10.3390\/md12115547","article-title":"Synthesis\nand Rheological\nCharacterization of Water-Soluble Glycidyltrimethylammonium-Chitosan","volume":"12","author":"Rwei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Marine Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310085301600_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1993.1263","article-title":"Quantitative determination of chitosan and the percentage of free\namino groups","volume":"211","author":"Curotto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"49","key":"2026101310085301600_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45371","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c05961","article-title":"Development\nof Quaternized Chitosan Integrated with Nanofibrous Polyacrylonitrile\nMat as an Anion-Exchange Membrane","volume":"7","author":"Akhmetova","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1021\/bm101281b","article-title":"Bioinspired Polymerization\nof Dopamine to Generate Melanin-Like Nanoparticles Having an Excellent\nFree-Radical-Scavenging Property","volume":"12","author":"Ju","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"37","key":"2026101310085301600_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10308","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cc13731j","article-title":"A melanin-inspired pro-oxidant system\nfor dopa(mine) polymerization: mimicking the natural casing process","volume":"47","author":"Greco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Commun. (Camb)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310085301600_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201811763","article-title":"Direct\nEvidence for the Polymeric Nature of Polydopamine","volume":"58","author":"Delparastan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310085301600_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.4c00092","article-title":"Eumelanin-like Poly(levodopa) Nanoscavengers for Inflammation\nDisease Therapy","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.151579","article-title":"Sodium tripolyphosphate\ncrosslinking\nof chitosan improves double-layer microsphere stability and preserves\nATP production capacity of thylakoid membranes during simulated gastrointestinal\ndigestion","volume":"356","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101310085301600_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.1306","article-title":"Preparation and properties\nof ionically cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310085301600_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-013-4994-2","article-title":"The pH-controlled\nnanoparticles size of polydopamine\nfor anti-cancer drug delivery","volume":"24","author":"Ho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci.\nMater. Med."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026101310085301600_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22493","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c01513","article-title":"Quaternary Ammonium\nAssisted Synthesis of Melanin-like Poly(l-DOPA) Nanoparticles with\na Boosted Photothermal Effect","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater.\nInterfaces"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026101310085301600_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8417","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238417","article-title":"Structural\nInvestigation of DHICA Eumelanin Using Density Functional Theory and\nClassical Molecular Dynamics Simulations","volume":"27","author":"Soltani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2025.138460","article-title":"Effect of surface Zeta potential\non the deposition of inorganic nanoparticles on polydopamine (PDA)\ngrafting layers","volume":"727","author":"Ghidoni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101310085301600_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.8b11994","article-title":"Polydopamine\nNanoparticles Prepared Using Redox-Active Transition Metals","volume":"123","author":"Saloma\u0308ki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101310085301600_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppsc.202000208","article-title":"Interfacing\nDNA and Polydopamine\nNanoparticles and Its Applications","volume":"37","author":"Zandieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Particle\n& Particle Systems Characterization"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15030370","article-title":"Design and Development of Levodopa\nLoaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Intranasal Delivery","volume":"15","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101310085301600_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2020.09.028","article-title":"Viscosity and degradation\ncontrolled injectable hydrogel for esophageal endoscopic submucosal\ndissection","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioact Mater."},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.11.026","article-title":"Easily-injectable shear-thinning hydrogel provides long-lasting submucosal\nbarrier for gastrointestinal endoscopic surgery","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310085301600_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004","article-title":"Foreign body reaction to biomaterials","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101310085301600_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5671","DOI":"10.3390\/ma8095269","article-title":"Macrophages,\nForeign Body Giant Cells and Their Response to Implantable Biomaterials","volume":"8","author":"Sheikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.03.038","article-title":"Macrophage phenotypes in tissue repair and the foreign\nbody response: Implications for biomaterial-based regenerative medicine\nstrategies","volume":"133","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101310085301600_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00426-z","article-title":"Design of therapeutic biomaterials\nto control inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Tu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Materials"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101310085301600_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4881","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c02122","article-title":"Modulation of Secondary\nStructure, Bioavailability, Immunomodulation, and Tissue Repair Outcomes\nUsing Differential Processing of Silk Biomaterials","volume":"11","author":"Pallod","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310085301600_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4930","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10440-y","article-title":"Bacillus licheniformis B410 Alleviates\nInflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Salmonella by Inhibiting\nNF-kappaB and IRF Signaling Pathways in Macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310085301600_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21152","article-title":"Endotoxin limits in formulations for preclinical research","volume":"97","author":"Malyala","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101310085301600_cit79","first-page":"314","article-title":"The Appropriate\nUse and Techniques of Tattooing in the Colon","volume":"14","author":"Rex","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07103-z","article-title":"Mucoadhesive polydopamine-coated\nnanoparticle-mediated inner ear drug delivery for hearing loss treatment","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101310085301600_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1021\/bm800276d","article-title":"Why is Chitosan Mucoadhesive?","volume":"9","author":"Sogias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(91)70622-6","article-title":"Endoscopic four\nquadrant tattoo for the identification\nof colonic lesions at surgery","volume":"37","author":"Hyman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal\nEndoscopy"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310085301600_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1007\/s004640000304","article-title":"Endoscopic marking: an adjunct to\nlaparoscopic gastrointestinal\nsurgery","volume":"15","author":"Beretvas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70465-5","article-title":"FLEXIBLE\nENDOSCOPY AS AN ADJUNCT TO LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY","volume":"76","author":"Stellato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surgical Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101310085301600_cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2020.0373","article-title":"Endoscopic Preoperative\nTattooing and Marking in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Systematic\nReview of Alternative Methods","volume":"30","author":"Barberio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Laparoendosc\nAdv. Surg Tech A"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101310085301600_cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v3.i12.256","article-title":"Endoscopic\ntattooing of colorectal lesions: Is it a\nrisk-free procedure?","volume":"3","author":"Trakarnsanga","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest\nEndosc"},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4969814","article-title":"Detection\nRate and Clinical Relevance of Ink Tattooing during Balloon-Assisted\nEnteroscopy","volume":"2017","author":"Rommele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101310085301600_cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-023-10491-2","article-title":"Near-infrared fluorescence tattooing:\na new approach for endoscopic marking of tumors in minimally invasive\ncolorectal surgery using a persistent near-infrared marker","volume":"37","author":"Thomaschewski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101310085301600_cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20535-7","article-title":"Construction of hematoxylin-eosin,\nimmunohistochemistry, and EBER-ISH methodology after trichloroisocyanuric\nacid treatment in melanin-containing tissues","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101310085301600_cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155410398001","article-title":"A novel histochemical\nmethod for\na simultaneous staining of melanin and collagen fibers","volume":"59","author":"Carriel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026101310085301600_cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18577","DOI":"10.1021\/am503240q","article-title":"Aminoglycoside Antibiotic-Derived\nAnion-Exchange Microbeads for Plasmid DNA Binding and in Situ DNA\nCapture","volume":"6","author":"Grandhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101310085301600_cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8100429","article-title":"Rheological\nProperties and Growth Factors Content of Platelet-Rich Plasma: Relevance\nin Veterinary Biomedical Treatments","volume":"8","author":"Perinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310085301600_cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157048","article-title":"Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic\nAcid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological\nEvaluation","volume":"11","author":"Russo","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1340405","article-title":"Inflammasome modulation\nwith P2 \u00d7 7 inhibitor A438079-loaded dressings for diabetic wound\nhealing","volume":"15","author":"Yaron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026101310085301600_cit95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2019.126640","article-title":"Discovery of IACS-8803 and IACS-8779, potent agonists\nof stimulator of interferon genes (STING) with robust systemic antitumor\nefficacy","volume":"29","author":"Ager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101310085301600_cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.2A0918-368RR","article-title":"Lysophosphatidic\nacid up-regulates IL-10 production to inhibit TNF-alpha synthesis\nin Mvarphis stimulated with LPS","volume":"106","author":"Ciesielska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101310085301600_cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000138","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.202000138","article-title":"HDL nanoparticles\nhave wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties and can topically\ndeliver miRNAs","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101310085301600_cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of\nimage analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101310085301600_cit99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10412","article-title":"Temporal evaluation\nof efficacy and quality of tissue repair upon laser-activated sealing","volume":"8","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med."},{"key":"2026101310085301600_cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122496","article-title":"Bioactive nanomaterials kickstart early repair processes and Potentiate\ntemporally modulated healing of healthy and diabetic wounds","volume":"306","author":"Ghosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomaterials"}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c11696","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/40\/27312\/68709305\/acsnano.6c11696.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/20\/40\/27312\/68709305\/acsnano.6c11696.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:49:29Z","timestamp":1791920969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/20\/40\/27312\/5442236\/Melanin-Inspired-Nanoparticle-Tattoo-Inks-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.6c11696","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}