{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:05:41Z","timestamp":1789506341706,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32471409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32471409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515010592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515010107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025A1515011417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A1515011417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015956","name":"Special Project for Research and Development in Key areas of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022B1111080007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1111080007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Natural periosteum features a Janus-like structure with an outer fibrous layer rich in neurovascular networks and an inner osteogenic layer. However, existing artificial periosteum often overlooks the significant differences in structure, mechanical properties, and functions between the two layers, as well as the pivotal role of periosteal neurogenesis in regulating bone formation. Here, we develop a Janus-like periosteum with customized characteristics and biological functions that are similar to those of the two layers of natural periosteum. Highly anisotropic elastic wood chelates Mg2+ via a polydopamine layer, which serves as the outer fibrous layer to trigger neurovascular regeneration. Meanwhile, a ternary liquid crystal (LC) hydrogel with bone extracellular matrix-like characteristics is designed by encapsulating self-assembled chitin whiskers within a tunable PEGDA\/PVA semi-interpenetrating network, serving as the inner osteogenic layer. It exhibits good tissue adhesion and osteogenic differentiation capacity. Moreover, a low-viscosity LC hydrogel is infiltrated into the outer layer to form a mortise-and-tenon structure, integrating the two layers into a single unit. This Janus-like artificial periosteum exhibits capabilities in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro, as well as promoting neurovascularized bone formation in vivo. This work proposes a study strategy for the biomimetic design of artificial periosteum, providing insights to guide bone regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6c11797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:34:52Z","timestamp":1788327292000},"page":"25090-25110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seamlessly Integrated\nJanus-like Artificial Periosteum\nwith Customized Partitioning Structures and Functions for Neurovascularized\nOsteogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Ed. Seminario , ,","place":["Moncada, Spain, 461113"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5466-3024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingxian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilong","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-Sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daping","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-Sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8471-9148","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ying","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-Sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-4196","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Binghong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510632"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.4c01940","article-title":"Artificial\nBone Materials for Infected Bone Defects: Advances in Antimicrobial\nFunctions","volume":"11","author":"Ying","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202204502","article-title":"Electroactive Biomaterials\nfor Facilitating Bone Defect Repair under Pathological Conditions","volume":"10","author":"Heng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101195","article-title":"Hierarchical\nNanostructured Electrospun\nMembrane with Periosteum-Mimic Microenvironment for Enhanced Bone\nRegeneration","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202423492","article-title":"Biomimetic Piezoelectric\nPeriosteum-Bone Integrated Implant Promotes\nBone Defect Repair by Remodeling Osteogenic Microenvironment","volume":"35","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.01.002","article-title":"Periosteum and development\nof the tissue-engineered periosteum for guided bone regeneration","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100215","article-title":"Periosteal Tissue Engineering: Current\nDevelopments and Perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Lou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare\nMater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20240298","article-title":"Periosteum\nOrganoid:\nBiomimetic Design Inspired From the Bone Healing Process","volume":"5","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exploration"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.05.013","article-title":"Biomimicking design\nof artificial periosteum for promoting bone healing","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.09.005","article-title":"Construction of biomimetic cell-sheet-engineered\nperiosteum\nwith a double cell sheet to repair calvarial defects of rats","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Transl."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50485","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c12147","article-title":"Drug-Loaded\nand Anisotropic Wood-Derived\nHydrogel Periosteum with Super Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and\nOsteogenic Activities","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201300012","article-title":"Enhanced\nOsteogenesis by a Biomimic Pseudo-Periosteum-Involved Tissue Engineering\nStrategy","volume":"2","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-025-00596-1","article-title":"Strategies\nfor promoting neurovascularization\nin bone regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Military Med. Res."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4162","article-title":"Implant-derived magnesium\ninduces local neuronal production\nof CGRP to improve bone-fracture healing in rats","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202503479","article-title":"Spatiotemporal\nDelivery of Required Facilitators for Microenvironment\nRemodeling Propels Neural Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg0234","article-title":"Cooperative\nassembly of a designer\npeptide and silk fibroin into hybrid nanofiber gels for neural regeneration\nafter spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100536","article-title":"Micropatterned photothermal\ndouble-layer periosteum with angiogenesis-neurogenesis coupling effect\nfor bone regeneration","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202002890","article-title":"Nanoscale Ion Regulation\nin Wood-Based Structures and Their Device\nApplications","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010068","article-title":"Bioinspired\nHighly Anisotropic, Ultrastrong and Stiff, and Osteoconductive Mineralized\nWood Hydrogel Composites for Bone Repair","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv.\nFunct. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4089","article-title":"Bioinspired\nstructural materials","volume":"14","author":"Wegst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.153297","article-title":"Wood-inspired\nhighly anisotropic\nscaffold activated with in situ mineralized collagen for advanced\nbone regeneration","volume":"494","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202400707","article-title":"A Wood-Derived\nPeriosteum for Spatiotemporal Drug Release: Boosting Bone Repair through\nAnisotropic Structure and Multiple Functions","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.01.012","article-title":"Dual 3D\nprinting for vascularized\nbone tissue regeneration","volume":"123","author":"Hann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.02.024","article-title":"Stratified-structural\nhydrogel incorporated with magnesium-ion-modified black phosphorus\nnanosheets for promoting neuro-vascularized bone regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.120299","article-title":"Photocurable liquid\ncrystal hydrogels with different chargeability\nand tunable viscoelasticity based on chitin whiskers","volume":"301","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21020","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c08699","article-title":"Bone ECM-like 3D Printing Scaffold with Liquid Crystalline and Viscoelastic\nMicroenvironment for Bone Regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS\nNano"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111340","article-title":"Abundant nucleation sites-available\nliquid crystal hydrogel mimics bone ECM mineralization to boost osteogenesis","volume":"275","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Composites, Part B"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.06.019","article-title":"Creating a\nbionic scaffold via light-curing liquid crystal ink to\nreveal the role of osteoid-like microenvironment in osteogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123955","article-title":"Chitin whisker liquid\ncrystal hydrogel embedded with polyacrylic\nacid templating osteoid-like Bouligand structure for guiding internal\nmineralization","volume":"367","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121292","article-title":"Highly anisotropic\nand elastic cellulosic\nscaffold guiding cell orientation and osteogenic differentiation via\ntopological and mechanical cues","volume":"321","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr.\nPolym."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.11.036","article-title":"A Mg\/polydopamine composite\nhydrogel for the acceleration of infected wound healing","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202101295","article-title":"Bioinspired\nMulti-Stimuli Responsive Actuators with Synergistic Color- and Morphing-Change\nAbilities","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202306208","article-title":"Pressure\/Temperature Dual-Responsive Cellulose Nanocrystal\nHydrogels for On-Demand Schemochrome Patterning","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16192755","article-title":"Polyvinyl\nAlcohol\n(PVA)-Based Hydrogels: Recent Progress in Fabrication, Properties,\nand Multifunctional Applications","volume":"16","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.70005","article-title":"Structurally and Functionally Adaptive\nBiomimetic Periosteum: Materials, Fabrication, and Construction Strategies","volume":"5","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exploration"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2017.07.011","article-title":"Artificial\nperiosteum in bone defect\nrepair-A review","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201901124","article-title":"Wearable Electronics\nBased on 2D Materials for Human Physiological Information Detection","volume":"16","author":"Pang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.07.055","article-title":"Injectable\ncitrate-based mussel-inspired tissue bioadhesives with high wet strength\nfor sutureless wound closure","volume":"33","author":"Mehdizadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202003627","article-title":"Highly Stretchable,\nAdhesive, Biocompatible,\nand Antibacterial Hydrogel Dressings for Wound Healing","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialsau.3c00013","article-title":"Resorbable Membranes\nfor Guided Bone Regeneration: Critical Features, Potentials, and Limitations","volume":"3","author":"Abtahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Au"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.107626","article-title":"The influence of water\nabsorption on unidirectional and 2D woven CFRP composites and their\nmechanical performance","volume":"182","author":"Almudaihesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Composites, Part B"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202504577","article-title":"Sword and Board\nin One: A Bioinspired Nanocomposite Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration","volume":"37","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202521167","article-title":"Rational Design of Lamellar\nHeterostructural Mg\/PLLA\nComposite Membrane Enables Spatiotemporal-Sequential Neuro-Vascularized\nBone Regeneration","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111791","article-title":"Decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel scaffolds with\nlongitudinally\noriented and size-tunable microchannels for peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"120","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng.: C"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202509425","article-title":"Bamboo-Inspired Composite Conduit Accelerates\nPeripheral Nerve Regeneration through Synergistic Oriented Structure\nand Piezoelectricity","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17167","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b01066","article-title":"Promoting Neurite Growth and Schwann Cell Migration by the Harnessing\nDecellularized Nerve Matrix onto Nanofibrous Guidance","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s42765-021-00124-5","article-title":"Decellularized Extracellular\nMatrix Containing Electrospun\nFibers for Nerve Regeneration: A Comparison Between Core-Shell Structured\nand Preblended Composites","volume":"4","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Fiber Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202505674","article-title":"\u201cSmart\u201d\nNerves Sprout\nand Assemble in an Extracellular Matrix-Based 3D Nerve-in-a-Chip Microfluidic\nModel","volume":"21","author":"Rao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32482","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c08885","article-title":"Natural\nPolyphenol-Functionalized Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Temporal\nNeuromodulation Strategy for Diabetic Periodontitis Therapy","volume":"19","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.926222","article-title":"Biomaterial-Based\nSchwann Cell Transplantation and Schwann Cell-Derived Biomaterials\nfor Nerve Regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.04.032","article-title":"Advancing\nneural regeneration via adaptable\nhydrogels: Enriched with Mg2+ and silk fibroin to facilitate endogenous\ncell infiltration and macrophage polarization (vol 33, pg 100, 2024)","volume":"51","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202417614","article-title":"HUVECs\u2019\nExpressway Based on\nMagnesium Ion Doped Hierarchical Scaffold for Rapid Angiogenesis and\nBone Ingrowth","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026091516133967500_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35671","article-title":"Advances in Magnesium Metal and Its\nAlloys for Promoting Angiogenesis","volume":"113","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed.\nMater. 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