{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T07:20:41Z","timestamp":1792912841230,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/L002876\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/L002876\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000761","name":"Imperial College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000762","name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Articular cartilage is a natural biomaterial whose structure at the micro- and nanoscale is critical for healthy joint function and where degeneration is associated with widespread disorders such as osteoarthritis. At the nanoscale, cartilage mechanical functionality is dependent on the collagen fibrils and hydrated proteoglycans that form the extracellular matrix. The dynamic response of these ultrastructural building blocks at the nanoscale, however, remains unclear. Here we measure time-resolved changes in collagen fibril strain, using small-angle X-ray diffraction during compression of bovine and human cartilage explants. We demonstrate the existence of a collagen fibril tensile pre-strain, estimated from the D-period at approximately 1\u20132%, due to osmotic swelling pressure from the proteoglycan. We reveal a rapid reduction and recovery of this pre-strain which occurs during stress relaxation, approximately 60 s after the onset of peak load. Furthermore, we show that this reduction in pre-strain is linked to disordering in the intrafibrillar molecular packing, alongside changes in the axial overlapping of tropocollagen molecules within the fibril. Tissue degradation in the form of selective proteoglycan removal disrupts both the collagen fibril pre-strain and the transient response during stress relaxation. This study bridges a fundamental gap in the knowledge describing time-dependent changes in collagen pre-strain and molecular organization that occur during physiological loading of articular cartilage. The ultrastructural details of this transient response are likely to transform our understanding of the role of collagen fibril nanomechanics in the biomechanics of cartilage and other hydrated soft tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T15:26:37Z","timestamp":1502465197000},"page":"9728-9737","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The\nSecret Life of Collagen: Temporal Changes in Nanoscale\nFibrillar Pre-Strain and Molecular Organization during Physiological\nLoading of Cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sheetal R.","family":"Inamdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London , , ,","place":["London, United Kingdom, E1 4NS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthox Ltd. , 66 Innovation Drive, Milton Park , ,","place":["Abingdon, United Kingdom, OX14 4RQ"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Terrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diamond Light Source , , Harwell, ,","place":["Didcot, United Kingdom, OX11 0DE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Karunaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London , , ,","place":["London, United Kingdom, SW7 2AZ"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Cacho-Nerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diamond Light Source , , Harwell, ,","place":["Didcot, United Kingdom, OX11 0DE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin M.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London , , ,","place":["London, United Kingdom, E1 4NS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2201-8933","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Himadri S.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary University of London , , ,","place":["London, United Kingdom, E1 4NS"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15998","DOI":"10.1021\/am503878d","article-title":"Three-Dimensional\nPrinting Fiber Reinforced Hydrogel Composites","volume":"6","author":"Bakarich","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2549","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Shape Transformations\nof Hydrogel Sheets Induced by Small-Scale Modulation of Internal Stresses","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5942","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6942","article-title":"Osmotic Pressure Induced Tensile\nForces in Tendon Collagen","volume":"6","author":"Masic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1039\/B806442C","article-title":"Tensegrity-Guided\nSelf Assembly: From Molecules to\nLiving Cells","volume":"5","author":"Stamenovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.93.188102","article-title":"Scaling of F-Actin\nNetwork Rheology\nto Probe Single Filament Elasticity and Dynamics","volume":"93","author":"Gardel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.11.013","article-title":"Biomechanical\nFactors in Osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Guilak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res.,\nClin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780331008","article-title":"Collagen-Collagen versus Collagen-Proteoglycan\nInteractions in the Determination of Cartilage Strength","volume":"33","author":"Broom","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1998.0170","article-title":"Altered Mechanics of Cartilage with\nOsteoarthritis: Human Osteoarthritis and an Experimental Model of\nJoint Degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Setton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit9","first-page":"66","article-title":"Biomechanics\nof Cartilage","volume-title":"Kinesiology: The Mechanics and\nPathomechanics of Human\nMovement","author":"Mansour","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00052-0","article-title":"Comparison of the\nEquilibrium Response of Articular Cartilage in Unconfined Compression,\nConfined Compression and Indentation","volume":"35","author":"Korhonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v35.i5.20","article-title":"Colllagens\nof Articular Cartilage.pdf","volume":"35","author":"Responte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed.\nEng."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.06.008","article-title":"Altered\nCartilage Mechanics and Histology in Knee Osteoarthritis: Relation\nto Clinical Assessment (ICRS Grade)","volume":"13","author":"Kleemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthr.\nCartil."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-matsci-062910-100431","article-title":"Nanomechanics of the Cartilage Extracellular\nMatrix","volume":"41","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mater. Res."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.07.006","article-title":"Contribution of\nProteoglycan Osmotic Swelling Pressure to the Compressive Properties\nof Articular Cartilage","volume":"101","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.11.004","article-title":"Compressive and\nTensile Properties of Articular Cartilage\nin Axial Loading Are Modulated Differently by Osmotic Environment","volume":"32","author":"Korhonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200104)44:4&lt;846::AID-ANR141&gt;3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Imaging\nof Collagen and Proteoglycan in Cartilage Sections Using Fourier Transform\nInfrared Spectral Imaging","volume":"44","author":"Potter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.07.008","article-title":"A Novel Method for Determination\nof Collagen Orientation in Cartilage by Fourier Transform Infrared\nImaging Spectroscopy (FT-IRIS)","volume":"13","author":"Bi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthr.\nCartil."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.09.007","article-title":"Structural Characteristics of the Collagen Network\nin Human Normal, Degraded and Repair Articular Cartilages Observed\nin Polarized Light and Scanning Electron Microscopies","volume":"19","author":"Changoor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2009.10.002","article-title":"In Situ Multi-Level Analysis of Viscoelastic\nDeformation\nMechanisms in Tendon Collagen","volume":"169","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.1033","article-title":"Viscoelastic Properties\nof Collagen: Synchrotron Radiation Investigations and Structural Model","volume":"357","author":"Puxkandl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc., B"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1495","article-title":"Significant\nDeterioration in Nanomechanical\nQuality Occurs through Incomplete Extrafibrillar Mineralization in\nRachitic Bone: Evidence from In-Situ Synchrotron\nX-Ray Scattering and Backscattered Electron Imaging","volume":"27","author":"Karunaratne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14416","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107966108","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in the Plasticity\nand Toughness of Human Cortical Bone at Multiple Length Scales","volume":"108","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2005.08.003","article-title":"Internal Strains\nand Stresses Measured in Cortical\nBone via High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction","volume":"152","author":"Almer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6649","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7649","article-title":"On the\nTear Resistance of Skin","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1981.0040","article-title":"Collagen Organization\nin Articular Cartilage, Determined\nby X-Ray Diffraction, and Its Relationship to Tissue Function","volume":"212","author":"Aspden","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31008","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3049478","article-title":"Cartilage\nCollagen Matrix Reorientation\nand Displacement in Response to Surface Loading","volume":"131","author":"Moger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.12.006","article-title":"Regional Variations of Collagen Orientation\nin Normal\nand Diseased Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Determined Using\nSmall Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS)","volume":"15","author":"Moger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoarthr.\nCartil."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/03008200390244005","article-title":"X-Ray Diffraction of the Molecular Substructure of\nHuman Articular Cartilage","volume":"44","author":"Mollenhauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326150","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/326150","article-title":"A Review of the\nCombination of Experimental Measurements\nand Fibril-Reinforced Modeling for Investigation of Articular Cartilage\nand Chondrocyte Response to Loading","volume":"2013","author":"Julkunen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput.\nMath. Methods Med."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.033","article-title":"Role of Cartilage Collagen Fibrils\nNetworks in Knee Joint Biomechanics under Compression","volume":"41","author":"Shirazi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3118773","article-title":"Modeling\nthe Matrix of Articular Cartilage Using a Continuous Fiber Angular\nDistribution Predicts Many Observed Phenomena","volume":"131","author":"Ateshian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2005.0100","article-title":"Nano Measurements\nwith Micro-Devices: Mechanical Properties of Hydrated Collagen Fibrils","volume":"3","author":"Eppell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. R. Soc., Interface"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit33","first-page":"3","article-title":"Introduction to Cartilage","volume-title":"Biophysics\nand Biochemistry of Cartilage by NMR and MRI","author":"Xia","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit34","volume-title":"Basic Biomechanics of\nthe Musculoskeletal System","author":"Nordin","year":"2001","edition":"3"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(97)00158-X","article-title":"The Effects of pH and Ionic Strength on Intrafibrillar\nHydration in Articular Cartilage","volume":"1381","author":"Wachtel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys.\nActa, Gen. Subj."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.1998.3966","article-title":"Fibrillar Structure and Mechanical\nProperties of Collagen","volume":"122","author":"Fratzl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(85)90244-X","article-title":"Stress-Induced Molecular\nRearrangement\nin Tendon Collagen","volume":"182","author":"Mosler","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(93)81362-6","article-title":"Collagen Packing and Mineralization:\nAn X-Ray Scattering Investigation of Turkey Leg Tendon","volume":"64","author":"Fratzl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-8130(84)90017-5","article-title":"A Study of Dense\nMineralized Tissue\nby Neutron Diffraction","volume":"6","author":"Lees","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(96)00024-3","article-title":"Elongation Mechanisms\nof Collagen Fibrils and Force-Strain\nRelations of Tendons at Each Level of Structural Hierarchy","volume":"29","author":"Sasaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.04.005","article-title":"Depth-Dependent Strain of Patellofemoral\nArticular\nCartilage in Unconfined Compression","volume":"38","author":"Erne","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.12.025","article-title":"Importance of Depth-Wise Distribution\nof Collagen and\nProteoglycans in Articular Cartilage-A 3D Finite Element Study of\nStresses and Strains in Human Knee Joint","volume":"46","author":"Halonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\nBiomech."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00137-8","article-title":"An Analysis of the Effects of Depth-Dependent\nAggregate Modulus on Articular Cartilage Stress-Relaxation Behavior\nin Compression","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90019-B","article-title":"The Biphasic\nPoroviscoelastic Behavior of Articular\nCartilage: Role of the Surface Zone in Governing the Compressive Behavior","volume":"26","author":"Setton","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1021\/nn5062707","article-title":"Aggrecan Nanoscale Solid-Fluid Interactions\nAre a Primary Determinant of Cartilage Dynamic Mechanical Properties","volume":"9","author":"Tavakoli Nia","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.057315","article-title":"Direct Measurement\nof Osmotic Pressure of Glycosaminoglycan Solutions by Membrane Osmometry\nat Room Temperature","volume":"89","author":"Chahine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2008.0478","article-title":"Chondroitinase\nABC Treatment Results\nin Greater Tensile Properties of Self-Assembled Tissue-Engineered\nArticular Cartilage","volume":"15","author":"Natoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Eng., Part A"},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00069-1","article-title":"Fibril Reinforced\nPoroelastic Model\nPredicts Specifically Mechanical Behavior of Normal, Proteoglycan\nDepleted and Collagen Degraded Articular Cartilage","volume":"36","author":"Korhonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.4.110701.120309","article-title":"Mechano-Electrochemical Properties\nOf Articular Cartilage:\nTheir Inhomogeneities and Anisotropies","volume":"4","author":"Mow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu.\nRev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2004.08.007","article-title":"Basic Science\nof Articular Cartilage\nand Osteoarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Pearle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Sports Med."},{"key":"2026090222252343500_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576716000455","article-title":"FIT2D:\nA Multi-Purpose Data Reduction, Analysis and Visualization Program","volume":"49","author":"Hammersley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.7b00563","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/11\/10\/9728\/67097862\/acsnano.7b00563.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/11\/10\/9728\/67097862\/acsnano.7b00563.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:25:31Z","timestamp":1788402331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/11\/10\/9728\/744753\/The-Secret-Life-of-Collagen-Temporal-Changes-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.7b00563","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]}}}