{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T09:29:04Z","timestamp":1787045344064,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003662","name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10059132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10059132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Busan City"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the physicochemical parameters associated with the pathogenicity of high-aspect-ratio nanomaterials is important for comprehensive regulation efforts and safety-by-design approaches. Here, we report quantitative data on the correlations between the rigidity of these nanomaterials and toxicity endpoints in vitro and in vivo. As measured by new ISO standards published in 2017, rigidity shows a strong positive correlation with inflammogenic potential, as indicated by inflammatory cell counts and IL-1\u03b2 (a biomarker for frustrated phagocytosis) levels in both the acute and chronic phases. In vitro experiments using differentiated THP-1 cells find that only highly rigid multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and asbestos fibers lead to piercing and frustrated phagocytosis. Thus, this study suggests a bending ratio of 0.97 and a static bending persistence length of 1.08 as threshold rigidity values for asbestos-like pathogenicity. However, additional research using MWCNTs with rigidity values that lie between those of non-inflammogenic (Db = 0.66 and SBPL = 0.87) and inflammogenic fibers (Db = 0.97 and SBPL = 1.09) is required to identify more accurate threshold values, which would be useful for comprehensive regulation and safety-by-design approaches based on MWCNTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b03604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T23:00:11Z","timestamp":1541026811000},"page":"10867-10879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Threshold\nRigidity Values for the Asbestos-like Pathogenicity\nof High-Aspect-Ratio Carbon Nanotubes in a Mouse Pleural Inflammation\nModel"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dong-Keun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University , , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , ,","place":["Busan, Republic\nof Korea, 49315"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyeon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University , , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , ,","place":["Busan, Republic\nof Korea, 49315"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngju","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University , , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , ,","place":["Busan, Republic\nof Korea, 49315"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University , , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , ,","place":["Busan, Republic\nof Korea, 49315"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonghan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University , , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , ,","place":["Busan, Republic\nof Korea, 49315"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il Je","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HCTm Co., LTD , 74, Seoicheon-ro 578 beon-gil, Majang-myeon , , ,","place":["Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 17383"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Seuk","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Environment and Merchandise Testing Institute , 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil , Yeonsu-gu, ,","place":["Incheon, Republic\nof Korea, 21999"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aeyeon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , 2066, Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, , ,","place":["Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 16419"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Soo","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , 2066, Seobu-ro , Jangan-gu, , ,","place":["Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 16419"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Min","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inha University , , 100, Inharo , Nam-gu, ,","place":["Incheon, Republic\nof Korea, 22212"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1612-4473","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yun Suk","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inha University , , 100, Inharo , Nam-gu, ,","place":["Incheon, Republic\nof Korea, 22212"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5254-8946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wan-Seob","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dong-A University , , 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil , ,","place":["Busan, Republic\nof Korea, 49315"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/419887a","article-title":"Materials\nScience: Nanomaterial Advantage","volume":"419","author":"Valiev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1039\/b502142c","article-title":"Size Matters:\nWhy Nanomaterials are Different","volume":"35","author":"Roduner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Soc.\nRev."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2007.307","article-title":"Electrical\nProperties and Applications of Carbon Nanotube Structures","volume":"7","author":"Bandaru","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.241","article-title":"Promises,\nFacts and Challenges for\nCarbon Nanotubes in Imaging and Therapeutics","volume":"4","author":"Kostarelos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060928","article-title":"Carbon Nanotubes--The Route Toward\nApplications","volume":"297","author":"Baughman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-11-18","article-title":"Physicochemical\nCharacteristics of Nanomaterials that Affect Pulmonary Inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Braakhuis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit7","unstructured":"Alternative\nTesting Strategies in Risk Assessment of Manufactured\nNanomaterials: Current Status of Knowledge and Research Needs to Advance\nTheir Use; Series on the Safety of Manufactured\nNanometerials, no. 80, ENV\/JM\/MONO(2016)63; OECD: Paris, France, 2017."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-9-8","article-title":"The Mechanism\nof Pleural Inflammation by Long Carbon Nanotubes: Interaction of Long\nFibres With Macrophages Stimulates Them to Amplify Pro-Inflammatory\nResponses in Mesothelial Cells","volume":"9","author":"Murphy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Part. Fibre\nToxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S77867","article-title":"Functional Consequences\nfor Primary Human Alveolar Macrophages Following Treatment With Long,\nbut Not Short, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes","volume":"10","author":"Sweeney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/089583701753338613","article-title":"Inflammation Caused by Particles and Fibers","volume":"14","author":"Donaldson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inhalation Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-9-34","article-title":"Use of Back-Scatter Electron Signals\nto Visualise Cell\/Nanowires\nInteractions In Vitro and In Vivo; Frustrated Phagocytosis of Long Fibres in Macrophages and Compartmentalisation\nin Mesothelial Cells In Vivo","volume":"9","author":"Schinwald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-6-16","article-title":"Mesothelioma:\nDo Asbestos and Carbon\nNanotubes Pose the Same Health Risk?","volume":"6","author":"Jaurand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Part.\nFibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit13","first-page":"39","article-title":"Classification\nof Mass-Produced Carbon Nanotubes and Their Physico-Chemical Properties","volume-title":"Syntheses and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes and Their\nComposites","author":"Lee","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1330","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110013108","article-title":"Diameter and Rigidity\nof Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Are Critical Factors in Mesothelial\nInjury and Carcinogenesis","volume":"108","author":"Nagai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad.\nSci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-017-0207-3","article-title":"STAT1-Dependent\nand -Independent Pulmonary Allergic and Fibrogenic Responses in Mice\nAfter Exposure to Tangled Versus Rod-Like Multi-Walled\nCarbon Nanotubes","volume":"14","author":"Duke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-33","article-title":"Distribution and Fibrotic Response Following Inhalation\nExposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes","volume":"10","author":"Mercer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part.\nFibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs171","article-title":"The Threshold\nLength for Fiber-Induced Acute Pleural Inflammation: Shedding Light\non the Early Events in Asbestos-Induced Mesothelioma","volume":"128","author":"Schinwald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.040","article-title":"Length-Dependent Retention of Carbon Nanotubes in the\nPleural Space of Mice Initiates Sustained Inflammation and Progressive\nFibrosis on the Parietal Pleura","volume":"178","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.007","article-title":"Long-Fiber\nCarbon Nanotubes Replicate Asbestos-Induced Mesothelioma with Disruption\nof the Tumor Suppressor Gene Cdkn2a (Ink4a\/Arf)","volume":"27","author":"Chernova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit20","unstructured":"Technical Specification\nISO\/TS 11888: 2017 Nanotechnologies- Characterization\nof Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes- Mesoscopic Shape Factors; International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfj130","article-title":"Carbon Nanotubes:\nA Review of Their\nProperties in Relation to Pulmonary Toxicology and Workplace Safety","volume":"92","author":"Donaldson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.111","article-title":"Carbon Nanotubes Introduced Into the Abdominal Cavity\nof Mice Show Asbestos-Like Pathogenicity in a Pilot Study","volume":"3","author":"Poland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2013.07.014","article-title":"Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes\nand Asbestos - Similarities and Differences","volume":"65","author":"Donaldson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery Rev."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2016.1202351","article-title":"Multi-Walled Carbon\nNanotube Physicochemical\nProperties Predict Pulmonary Inflammation and Genotoxicity","volume":"10","author":"Poulsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit25","first-page":"35","article-title":"Some Nanomaterials\nand Some Fibres","volume":"111","author":"IARC","year":"2017","journal-title":"IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog.\nRisks Hum."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2011.02.007","article-title":"The Effect of Mesoscopic\nShape on Thermal Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Mats","volume":"11","author":"Heo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3238326","article-title":"Percolation\nof Two-Dimensional Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Networks","volume":"95","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14219","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904148106","article-title":"Diameter-Dependent\nBending Dynamics of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Liquids","volume":"106","author":"Fakhri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.09.031","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis\nof the Role of Fiber Length on Phagocytosis and Inflammatory Response\nby Alveolar Macrophages","volume":"1861","author":"Padmore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta,\nGen. Subj."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-8-15","article-title":"Durability and Inflammogenic Impact\nof Carbon Nanotubes Compared With Asbestos Fibres","volume":"8","author":"Osmond-McLeod","year":"2011","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EN00238A","article-title":"Carcinogenic\nPotential of High Aspect Ratio Carbon Nanomaterials","volume":"3","author":"Luanpitpong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Nano"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1498","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1498","article-title":"Mechanisms of Carbon Nanotube-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis:\nA Physicochemical Characteristic Perspective","volume":"10","author":"Duke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.0058","article-title":"Comparative Proliferative and Histopathologic\nChanges in Rat Lungs After Inhalation of Chrysotile or Crocidolite\nAsbestos","volume":"137","author":"BeruBe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2001.4234","article-title":"Differential\nResponses of Rat Alveolar and Peritoneal Macrophages to Man-Made Vitreous\nFibers In Vitro","volume":"85","author":"Dorger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2007.05.011","article-title":"An In Vitro Study\nof the Potential of Carbon Nanotubes\nand Nanofibres to Induce Inflammatory Mediators and Frustrated Phagocytosis","volume":"45","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-5","article-title":"Asbestos,\nCarbon\nNanotubes and the Pleural Mesothelium: A Review of the Hypothesis\nRegarding the Role of Long Fibre Retention in the Parietal Pleura,\nInflammation and Mesothelioma","volume":"7","author":"Donaldson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit37","first-page":"117","article-title":"The Nature,\nHazards and Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Airborne Asbestos\nDust: A Review","volume":"25","author":"Walton","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit38","unstructured":"Determination of Airborne Fiber Number Concentration:\nA Recommended\nMethod by Phase Contrast Microscopy; World\nHealth Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 1997."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6861","DOI":"10.1021\/nn200595c","article-title":"Long, Needle-Like Carbon Nanotubes\nand Asbestos Activate\nthe NLRP3 Inflammasome Through a Similar Mechanism","volume":"5","author":"Palomaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1238-2","article-title":"The Role of\nRho-Kinases in IL-1beta Release Through Phagocytosis of Fibrous Particles\nin Human Monocytes","volume":"89","author":"Kanno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5366","DOI":"10.1021\/nn3012114","article-title":"Designed\nSynthesis of CeO2 Nanorods and Nanowires for Studying Toxicological\nEffects of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials","volume":"6","author":"Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-016-0162-4","article-title":"The NLRP3 Inflammasome\nin Pathogenic Particle and Fibre-Associated\nLung Inflammation and Diseases","volume":"13","author":"Sayan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Part. Fibre\nToxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10759","article-title":"Inflammasomes in Health\nand Disease","volume":"481","author":"Strowig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2014.969346","article-title":"A Secretomics Analysis\nReveals Major Differences in the Macrophage Responses Towards Different\nTypes of Carbon Nanotubes","volume":"9","author":"Palomaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2015.1009187","article-title":"Advances in Mechanisms\nand Signaling Pathways of Carbon Nanotube\nToxicity","volume":"9","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-39","article-title":"Asbestos and Erionite\nPrime and Activate the NLRP3\nInflammasome That Stimulates Autocrine Cytokine Release in Human Mesothelial\nCells","volume":"10","author":"Hillegass","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701479323","article-title":"Proinflammogenic\nEffects of Low-Toxicity and Metal Nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro: Highlighting the role of Particle\nSurface Area and Surface Reactivity","volume":"19","author":"Duffin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inhalation\nToxicol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7339","article-title":"Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline\nEvolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles","volume":"113","author":"Oberdo\u0308rster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1006\/fmic.1997.0125","article-title":"When is Simple Good Enough: A Comparison\nof the Gompertz, Baranyi, and Three-phase Linear Models for Fitting\nBacterial Growth Curves","volume":"14","author":"Buchanan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5399.215","article-title":"A Molecular\nMechanism for Electrical Tuning of Cochlear Hair Cells","volume":"283","author":"Ramanathan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2607(00)00124-3","article-title":"A Step-by-step\nGuide to Non-linear Regression Analysis of Experimental Data Using\na Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet","volume":"65","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Methods\nPrograms Biomed."},{"key":"2026081801084285600_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/31255","article-title":"A Family of\nHyperpolarization-activated Mammalian Cation Channels","volume":"393","author":"Ludwig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.8b03604","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/12\/11\/10867\/7495538\/nn8b03604.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/12\/11\/10867\/7495538\/nn8b03604.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T08:46:45Z","timestamp":1787042805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/12\/11\/10867\/747241\/Threshold-Rigidity-Values-for-the-Asbestos-like"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.8b03604","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]}}}