{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:00:52Z","timestamp":1789030852461,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A3B03030562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A3B03030562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M3D1A1058744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M3D1A1058744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nano Convergence Technology Center, Hallym University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The state-of-the-art of the Internet of things (IoT) and smart electronics demands advances in thin and flexible radio frequency (RF) antennas for wireless communication systems. So far, nanostructured materials such as metals, carbon nanotubes, graphene, MXene, and conducting polymers have been investigated due to their noteworthy electrical conductivity. However, most antennas based on metallic materials are thick, which limits their application in miniaturized and portable electronic devices. Herein, we report two-dimensional (2D) metallic niobium diselenide (NbSe2) for a monopole patch RF antenna, which functions effectively despite its sub-micrometer thickness, which is less than the skin depths of other metals. The as-fabricated antenna has an 855 nm thickness and a 1.2 \u03a9 sq\u20131 sheet resistance and achieves a reflection coefficient of \u221246.5 dB, a radiation efficiency of 70.6%, and omnidirectional RF propagation. Additionally, the resonance frequency of this antenna at the same thickness is reconfigured from 2.01 to 2.80 GHz, while decreasing its length and preserving its reflection coefficient of less than \u221210 dB. This approach offers a facile process to synthesize 2D metallic transition metal dichalcogenides for the rational design of flexible, miniaturized, frequency-tunable, and omnidirectional monopole patch RF antennas for body-centric wearable communication systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b06732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T08:08:09Z","timestamp":1574237289000},"page":"14114-14121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Two-Dimensional\nMetallic Niobium Diselenide for Sub-micrometer-Thin\nAntennas in Wireless Communication Systems"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-6051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Girish\nSambhaji","family":"Gund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , 2066, Seoburo, Jangan-gu, ,","place":["Suwon, Korea, 440-746"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Gyu","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , 2066, Seoburo, Jangan-gu, ,","place":["Suwon, Korea, 440-746"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9874-9017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keun-Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hallym University , , ,","place":["Chuncheon, Republic of Korea, 24252"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4424-4037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ho Seok","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , 2066, Seoburo, Jangan-gu, ,","place":["Suwon, Korea, 440-746"]},{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University , , 2066, Seoburo, Jangan-gu, ,","place":["Suwon, Korea, 440-746"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau0920","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau0920","article-title":"2D Titanium Carbide\n(MXene) for Wireless Communication","volume":"4","author":"Sarycheva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE02029A","article-title":"Challenges and Prospects of 3D Micro-Supercapacitors\nfor Powering the Internet of Things","volume":"12","author":"Lethien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy\nEnviron. Sci."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.3390\/nano5031493","article-title":"Textile-Based\nElectronic Components\nfor Energy Applications: Principles, Problems, and Perspective","volume":"5","author":"Kaushik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201100345","article-title":"Micropatterning of Graphene Sheets\nby Inkjet Printing and Its Wideband Dipole-Antenna Application","volume":"23","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1760766","article-title":"Electromagnetic\nForming and Powder Processing: Trends and Developments","volume":"57","author":"Mamalis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Mech. Rev."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CC49782H","article-title":"One-Step Fabrication\nof a Highly Conductive and Durable Copper Paste and Its Flexible Dipole\nTag-Antenna Application","volume":"50","author":"Shin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203105","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4919935","article-title":"Binder-Free Highly\nConductive Graphene Laminate for Low Cost Printed Radio Frequency\nApplications","volume":"106","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025021","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/3\/2\/025021","article-title":"Graphene Radio Frequency\nand Microwave Passive Components for Low\nCost Wearable Electronics","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"2D Mater."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.355","article-title":"Nanotube Electronics\nfor Radio Frequency\nApplications","volume":"4","author":"Rutherglen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20986","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b05146","article-title":"Carbon\nNanotube Thin-Film Antennas","volume":"8","author":"Puchades","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater.\nInterfaces"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1039\/C8QM00436F","article-title":"Ni-Modified Ti3C2 MXene with Enhanced Microwave Absorbing Ability","volume":"2","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"073107","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3202413","article-title":"Microwave Propagation in Graphene","volume":"95","author":"Deligeorgis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2006.877430","article-title":"Quantitative Theory of Nanowire and\nNanotube Antenna Performance","volume":"5","author":"Burke","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit14","first-page":"72","article-title":"Optical and Electrical\nTransport Properties of Transition\nMetal Dichalcogenide MoSe2 Thin Films","volume":"1","author":"Gawale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Res."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-6779(98)80002-7","article-title":"Electrical Properties\nof Molybdenum Disulfide MoS2. Experimental Study and Density\nFunctional Calculation Results","volume":"90","author":"El\nBeqqali","year":"1997","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9002","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45192-1","article-title":"In-Plane Aligned Colloidal 2D WS2 Nanoflakes for Solution-Processable\nThin Films with High Planar\nConductivity","volume":"9","author":"Mastria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025027","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/3\/2\/025027","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Metallic NbS2: Growth, Optical\nIdentification and Transport Properties","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"2D\nMater."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR07593F","article-title":"Large-Area Niobium\nDisulfide Thin Films as Transparent Electrodes for Devices Based on\nTwo-Dimensional Materials","volume":"10","author":"Bark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7378","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR07338J","article-title":"Charge Transfer vs. Dimensionality:\nWhat Affects the Transport Properties of Ferecrystals?","volume":"7","author":"Alemayehu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504309","article-title":"Large-Area\nMonolayer MoS2 for Flexible Low-Power RF Nanoelectronics\nin the GHz Regime","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0892-1","article-title":"Two-Dimensional MoS2-Enabled Flexible Rectenna for Wi-Fi-Band Wireless Energy\nHarvesting","volume":"566","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2017.06.002","article-title":"Synthetic\nApproaches to Two-Dimensional\nTransition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets","volume":"89","author":"Brent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1021\/nl504200y","article-title":"Unveiling\nSurface Redox Charge Storage of Interacting Two-Dimensional Heteronanosheets\nin Hierarchical Architectures","volume":"15","author":"Mahmood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1021\/nn3059828","article-title":"Twisting Bilayer\nGraphene Superlattices","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00427-5","article-title":"High-Quality Monolayer\nSuperconductor NbSe2 Grown by Chemical\nVapour Deposition","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.10.017","article-title":"MXene\/Polymer Hybrid\nMaterials for Flexible AC-Filtering Electrochemical Capacitors","volume":"3","author":"Gund","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12568","DOI":"10.1021\/jp5038624","article-title":"Photoinduced Separation of Strongly\nInteracting 2-D Layered TiS2 Nanodiscs in Solution","volume":"118","author":"Rossi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.1039\/FT9918703881","article-title":"Ultraviolet\u2013Visible Absorption Spectra of the\nColloidal Metallic Elements","volume":"87","author":"Creighton","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc.,\nFaraday Trans."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8294","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9294","article-title":"Direct Exfoliation and Dispersion of Two-Dimensional Materials in\nPure Water via Temperature Control","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7798","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b03999","article-title":"MoS2 Field-Effect\nTransistor with Sub-10 nm Channel Length","volume":"16","author":"Nourbakhsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano\nLett."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6435","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR07205K","article-title":"Review\non the Raman Spectroscopy of Different Types of Layered Materials","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2017.04.011","article-title":"Electrical Transport Properties of\nTwo-Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets Synthesized by Novel Method","volume":"66","author":"Gunasekaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.09.200","article-title":"In\nSitu Synthesis of Flexible Hybrid Composite Films for Improved\nThermoelectric Performance","volume":"357","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13615","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13615","article-title":"Highly Omnidirectional and Frequency\nControllable Carbon\/Polyaniline-Based 2D and 3D Monopole Antenna","volume":"5","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b10317","article-title":"Reversibly Stretchable,\nOptically\nTransparent Radio-Frequency Antennas Based on Wavy Ag Nanowire Networks","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4364","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124364","article-title":"Recent Development\nof Flexible and Stretchable Antennas for Bio-Integrated\nElectronics","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84363","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA19687J","article-title":"A High-Sensitivity Printed Antenna\nPrepared by Rapid Low-Temperature Sintering of Silver Ink","volume":"6","author":"Koga","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2015.7305596","article-title":"A Microstrip Patch Antenna Manufactured\nwith Flexible Graphene-Based Conducting","author":"Sajal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Material.\nIEEE"},{"key":"2026081717070675300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"073301","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4818464","article-title":"Onion-Like\nCarbon and Carbon Nanotube Film Antennas","volume":"103","author":"Vacirca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl.\nPhys. Lett."}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.9b06732","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/13\/12\/14114\/8295353\/nn9b06732.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/13\/12\/14114\/8295353\/nn9b06732.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:36:44Z","timestamp":1787002604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/13\/12\/14114\/801873\/Two-Dimensional-Metallic-Niobium-Diselenide-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.9b06732","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]}}}