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Nanopores were formed by electroporation on glass chips (diameters from 1.7 to 11.3 nm), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) drilling (diameters from 6.5 to 64.6 nm), or hydrofluoric acid etching (diameters from 12.6 to 36.2 nm) in 5\u201320 nm thick membranes. Nanopores seal on time scales from \u223c1 ms to \u223c3.6 s, across a range of sizes and concentrations. We show single and \u223c5-pore arrays, as fabricated, after sealing, and after cleaning and pore recovery. These results are independent of the fabrication method. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, aberration-corrected scanning TEM, and powder X-ray diffraction verify the synthesis of mixed magnetite and maghemite iron oxide. This work advances nanoparticle\u2013nanopore chips for applications in biosensing, plasmonics, and photonics, where position and size control is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnanoscienceau.6c00032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T12:45:11Z","timestamp":1775220311000},"page":"633-643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Removable Nanopore Sealing and In Situ Iron Oxide\nNanoparticle Synthesis on Thin Silicon Nitride Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zehui","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Goeppert LLC , 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19146"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6224-5933","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pia","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Morral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"DiPaolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goeppert LLC , 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19146"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Golovina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Buvac\u030c-Drndic\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goeppert LLC , 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19146"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2425-5548","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chih-Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Niedzwiecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goeppert LLC , 3401 Grays Ferry Avenue , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19146"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8104-2231","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marija","family":"Drndic\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026081909073970200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00155","article-title":"Fluids and Electrolytes under Confinement\nin Single-Digit Nanopores","volume":"123","author":"Aluru","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. 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