{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:17:59Z","timestamp":1788283079978,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00e9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPIIT IG200218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT IG200218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Since Earth was formed, in the Precambrian era up until our present days, electric current has participated in the morphology and chemical composition of organic and inorganic structures. Attempting to elucidate the mechanism by which electric current participated in the creation of the first cell in the Precambrian era is an intriguing and of a permanent subject of interest to be studied. One way of emulating the formation of structures similar to those that might have existed in the Precambrian era in the presence of a biomolecule and an electric current source is to use as a model, the silica\u2013carbonate of alkaline earth metal compounds known as biomorphs. The objective of this work was to assess the influence exerted by an electric current (negatively or positively charged indium tin oxide electrodes) on the formation of biomorphs in the presence of RNA. The compounds obtained under both electric charges were visualized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed through Raman spectroscopy. The biomorphs obtained under a positive electric current correspond to aragonite-type BaCO3(I) and calcite-type BaCO3(II). Whereas, under a negative current, carbon graphite and aragonite-type BaCO3(I) were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence showing that the presence of RNA and the electric current is fundamental in the rearrangement of atoms, suggesting that organic and inorganic compounds have coexisted since the primitive era.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c00068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T09:11:31Z","timestamp":1583399491000},"page":"5460-5469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Synthesis of Crystalline Silica\u2013Carbonate Biomorphs\nof Ba(II) under the Presence of RNA and Positively and Negatively\nCharged ITO Electrodes: Obtainment of Graphite via Bioreduction of\nCO2 and Its Implications to the Chemical Origin of Life\non Primitive Earth"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mayra","family":"Cue\u0301llar-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Guanajuato , , Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta S\/N, Col. Noria Alta , , ,","place":["Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico, 36050"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5810-078X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abel","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Auto\u0301noma de Me\u0301xico , , Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria , ,","place":["Ciudad de Me\u0301xico, Mexico, 04510"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-009-0065-8","article-title":"The evolution and distribution\nof life in the Precambrian\neon-Global perspective and the Indian record","volume":"34","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1126\/science.260.5108.640","article-title":"Microfossils\nof the Early Archean Apex Chert: New Evidence of the Antiquity of\nLife","volume":"260","author":"Schopf","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/169336b0","article-title":"Negative\nelectric fields in the atmosphere","volume":"169","author":"Chalmers","year":"1952","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1080\/14786441108564651","article-title":"LXXI. Ionization\nmeasurements of \u03b3-rays","volume":"6","author":"Chalmers","year":"1928","journal-title":"Philos. Mag."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9169(62)90099-5","article-title":"The measurement\nof the vertical electric current in the atmosphere","volume":"24","author":"Chalmers","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Terr. Phys."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9169(52)90060-3","article-title":"Negative electric fields in mist and fog","volume":"2","author":"Alan Chalmers","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Terr. Phys."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit7","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Atmospheric\nElectricity","author":"Alan Chalmers","year":"1967"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1126\/science.117.3046.528","article-title":"A Production\nof Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions","volume":"117","author":"Miller","year":"1953","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1126\/science.130.3370.245","article-title":"Organic compound\nsynthesis on the primitive Earth","volume":"130","author":"Miller","year":"1959","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12278","article-title":"A morphogram\nfor silica-witherite biomorphs and its application to microfossil\nidentification in the early earth rock record","volume":"16","author":"Rouillard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geobiology"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2015.12.042","article-title":"Effect of\ninorganic additives on the growth of silica-carbonate biomorphs","volume":"452","author":"Nakouzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165349","article-title":"Morphogenesis of Self-Assembled Nanocrystalline\nMaterials of Barium Carbonate and Silica","volume":"323","author":"Garcia-Ruiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4667","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.9b00573","article-title":"Influence of nucleic\nacids on the synthesis of crystalline Ca(II), Ba(II), and Sr(II) silica-carbonate\nbiomorphs: Implications for the chemical origin of life on primitive\nEarth","volume":"19","author":"Cue\u0301llar-Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst9080381","article-title":"The role of calcium and strontium as the most dominant\nelements during combinations of different alkaline Earth metals in\nthe synthesis of crystalline silica-carbonate biomorphs","volume":"9","author":"Cue\u0301llar-Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11327","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710339114","article-title":"Origin of the RNA\nworld: The fate of nucleobases in warm little ponds","volume":"114","author":"Pearce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit16","first-page":"7","article-title":"RNA as\nan enzyme","volume":"18","author":"Cech","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem. Int."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234621","article-title":"Rationally\ndesigned complex, hierarchical microarchitectures","volume":"340","author":"Noorduin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1021\/cg800368u","article-title":"Polymorphism Studied\nby Lattice Phonon Raman Spectroscopy\nand Statistical Mixture Analysis Method. Application to Calcium Carbonate\nPolymorphs during Batch Crystallization","volume":"9","author":"Carteret","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cryst.\nGrowth Des."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.9b01473","article-title":"Formation\nof Crystalline Silica-Carbonate Biomorphs of Alkaline Earth Metals\n(Ca, Ba, Sr) from Ambient to Low Temperatures: Chemical Implications\nduring the Primitive Earth\u2019s Life","volume":"20","author":"Cue\u0301llar-Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cryst.\nGrowth Des."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1127\/ejm\/9\/4\/0785","article-title":"High-pressure Raman\nspectroscopic study of post-aragonite\nphase transition in witherite (BaCO3)","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mineral."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit21","first-page":"97","article-title":"The Raman study\non certain carbonates","volume":"55","author":"Buzgar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Analele Stiintifice Univ.\nAl Cuza Lasi"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/09500839.2010.495357","article-title":"Molecular dynamics\nstudy of high-pressure polymorphs\nof BaCO3","volume":"90","author":"Zaoui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos. Mag. Lett."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00269-013-0582-8","article-title":"Stability\nand equation\nof state of post-aragonite BaCO3","volume":"40","author":"Townsend","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Miner."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5585","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05585","article-title":"Electronic\ncorrelations determine the phase stability of iron up to the melting\ntemperature","volume":"4","author":"Leonov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5214","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevlett.85.5214","article-title":"Double Resonant Raman\nScattering in Graphite","volume":"85","author":"Thomsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1674108","article-title":"Raman Spectrum of\nGraphite","volume":"53","author":"Tuinstra","year":"1970","journal-title":"J.\nChem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2004.1452","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy\nof amorphous, nanostructured, diamond-like\ncarbon, and nanodiamond","volume":"362","author":"Ferrari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc.,\nA"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2004.10.006","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy\nof carbon nanotubes","volume":"409","author":"Dresselhaus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2009.02.003","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy\nin graphene","volume":"473","author":"Malard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. 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Rev."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0728(94)03300-5","article-title":"A new homogeneous electrocatalyst for the reduction\nof carbon dioxide to methanol at low overpotential","volume":"372","author":"Seshadri","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(94)85172-7","article-title":"Electrocatalytic process\nof CO selectivity in electrochemical reduction of CO2 at\nmetal-electrodes in aqueous-media","volume":"39","author":"Hori","year":"1994","journal-title":"Electrochim.\nActa"},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b13080","article-title":"Graphite-Conjugated\nRhenium Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction","volume":"138","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8177","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9177","article-title":"Electrocatalytic\nreduction of carbon dioxide to carbon\nmonoxide and methane at an immobilized cobalt protoporphyrin","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1039\/c39910000156","article-title":"Cobalt(II)\u2013tetraphenylporphyrin\u2013pyridine\ncomplex fixed on a glassy carbon electrode and its prominent catalytic\nactivity for reduction of carbon dioxide","volume":"3","author":"Atoguchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem.\nCommun."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0728(94)03762-r","article-title":"Selective electroacatalysis for CO2 reduction\nin the aqueous phase using cobalt phthalocyanine\/poly-4-vinylpyridine\nmodified electrodes","volume":"385","author":"Yoshida","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090112384083600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-0728(97)00080-6","article-title":"Aminopyridyl cation\nradical method for bridging between\nmetal complex and glassy carbon: cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin bonded\non glassy carbon for enhancement of CO2 electroreduction","volume":"437","author":"Tanaka","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c00068","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/10\/5460\/67473760\/acsomega.0c00068.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/10\/5460\/67473760\/acsomega.0c00068.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:38:52Z","timestamp":1788280732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/5\/10\/5460\/873609\/Synthesis-of-Crystalline-Silica-Carbonate"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c00068","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]}}}