{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:12:05Z","timestamp":1793038325748,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is vital to acquire power conversion efficiencies comparable to other emerging solar cell technologies by making quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) competitive. In this study, the effect of graphene oxide (GO), nitrogen, manganese, and a porphyrin compound on the performance of QDSSCs based on a TiO2\/CdS\/ZnS photoanode was investigated. First, adding GO and nitrogen into TiO2 has a conspicuous impact on the cell efficacy. Both these materials reduce the recombination rate and expand the specific surface area of TiO2 as well as dye loading, reinforcing cell efficiency value. The maximum power conversion efficiency of QDSSC with a GO N-doped photoelectrode was 2.52%. Second, by employing Mn2+ (5 and 10 wt %) doping of ZnS, we have succeeded in considerably improving cell performance (from 2.52 to 3.47%). The reason for this could be for the improvement of the passivation layer of ZnS by Mn2+ ions, bringing about to a smaller recombination of photoinjected electrons with either oxidized dye molecules or electrolyte at the surface of titanium dioxide. However, doping of 15 wt % Mn2+ had an opposite effect and somewhat declined the cell performance. Finally, a Zn-porphyrin dye was added to the CdS\/ZnS by a cosensitization method, widening the light absorption range to the NIR (near-infrared region) (&amp;gt;700 nm), leading to the higher short-circuit current density (JSC) and cell efficacy. Utilizing an environmentally safe porphyrin compound into the structure of QDSSC has dramatically enhanced the cell efficacy to 4.62%, which is 40% higher than that of the result obtained from the TiO2\/CdS\/ZnS photoelectrode without porphyrin coating.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c00855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T11:40:06Z","timestamp":1588938006000},"page":"11024-11034","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Improvement of Power Conversion Efficiency of Quantum\nDot-Sensitized Solar Cells by Doping of Manganese into a ZnS Passivation\nLayer and Cosensitization of Zinc-Porphyrin on a Modified Graphene\nOxide\/Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 Photoanode"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Alavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iran University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 16846-13114"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4459-0578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rahmatollah","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iran University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 16846-13114"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Maleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iran University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 16846-13114"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboubeh","family":"Hosseini-Kharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iran University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 16846-13114"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit1","unstructured":"Bing, J. M.\n          \n          New Energy\nOptions Inc, assignee. Method and system for predicting solar energy\nproduction.  U. S. PatDE 7580817, 2009."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2013.01.002","article-title":"Industrial\nfields and countervailing power: The transformation of distributed\nsolar energy in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Hess","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Environ.\nChange"},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2018.02.020","article-title":"Synthesis\nand DSSC application of donor-acceptor stilbenoid\ndendrimers with triphenylamine as core and benzothiazole as surface\nunit","volume":"56","author":"Rajavelu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Org. 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Sci. Semicond.\nProcess."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2018.06.007","article-title":"Improvement photovoltaic\nperformance of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells using deposition\nof metal-doped ZnS passivation layer on the TiO2 photoanode","volume":"198","author":"Firoozi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microelectron. Eng."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1021\/nl072838r","article-title":"Transparent,\nconductive graphene\nelectrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nano\nLett."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progsurf.2009.08.002","article-title":"Experimental\nstudies of the electronic\nstructure of graphene","volume":"84","author":"Bostwick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.02.287","article-title":"Utilizing\nreduced graphene oxide for achieving better efficient dye sensitized\nsolar cells","volume":"788","author":"Surana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2010.02.011","article-title":"Effect of coadsorbents\non DSSC sensitized by NIR absorbing poly (ethyl\nthieno [3, 4-b] thiophene-2-carboxylate)","volume":"10","author":"Saji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr.\nAppl. Phys."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.153230","article-title":"Enhanced photovoltaic\nperformance\nof Y2O3: Ho3+\/Yb3+ upconversion\nnanophosphor based DSSC and investigation of color tunability in Ho3+\/Tm3+\/Yb3+ tridoped Y2O3","volume":"821","author":"Tadge","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2019.113669","article-title":"The photovoltaic performance of CdS\/CdSe\nquantum dots co-sensitized solar cells based on zinc titanium mixed\nmetal oxides","volume":"115","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. E (Amsterdam, Neth.)."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2018.09.071","article-title":"Improvement in performance\nof N3\nsensitized DSSCs with structurally simple aniline based organic co-sensitizers","volume":"174","author":"Naik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Solar Energy"},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2017.10.030","article-title":"Improved photovoltaic performances\nof Ru (II) complex sensitized DSSCs by co-sensitization of carbazole\nbased chromophores","volume":"86","author":"Naik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2019.107984","article-title":"Porphyrin sensitizers\ninvolving a fluorine-substituted benzothiadiazole as auxiliary acceptor\nand thiophene as \u03c0 bridge for use in dye-sensitized solar cells\n(DSSCs)","volume":"174","author":"Jie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dyes Pigm."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2018.10.014","article-title":"Theoretical insights\ninto co-sensitization mechanism in Zn-porphyrin and Y123 co-sensitized\nsolar cells","volume":"369","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., A Chem."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2017.08.020","article-title":"Effect of dimethylaminophenyl\nand thienyl donor groups on Zn-Porphyrin for dye sensitized solar\ncell (DSSC) applications","volume":"467","author":"Kotteswaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93310","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA17047H","article-title":"Preparation and characterization\nof a novel tetrakis (4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin\u2013graphene oxide\nnanocomposite and application in an optical sensor and determination\nof mercury ions","volume":"5","author":"Zare-Dorabei","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12899","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra22129b","article-title":"Photophysical,\nelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties of dye sensitized solar\ncells using a series of pyridyl functionalized porphyrin dyes","volume":"2","author":"Daphnomili","year":"2012","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16552","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b02309","article-title":"Effects\nof graphene in dye-sensitized\nsolar cells based on nitrogen-doped TiO2 composite","volume":"119","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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Chem."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22412","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra42537a","article-title":"Enhancement\nof power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by co-sensitization\nof zinc-porphyrin and thiocyanate-free ruthenium (II)-terpyridine\ndyes and graphene modified TiO2 photoanode","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1021\/ja211224s","article-title":"Mn-doped quantum\ndot sensitized solar cells: a strategy\nto boost efficiency over 5%","volume":"134","author":"Santra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4376","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA11004E","article-title":"Solvent engineering for forming stonehenge-like PbI2 nano-structures towards efficient perovskite solar cells","volume":"5","author":"Tu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026090208113049300_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9634","DOI":"10.1039\/C8DT01943F","article-title":"Impacts of\nMn ion in ZnSe passivation on electronic band structure for high efficiency\nCdS\/CdSe quantum dot solar cells","volume":"47","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c00855","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/19\/11024\/67740029\/acsomega.0c00855.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/19\/11024\/67740029\/acsomega.0c00855.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:12:10Z","timestamp":1788351130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/5\/19\/11024\/615781\/Improvement-of-Power-Conversion-Efficiency-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c00855","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]}}}