{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:17:22Z","timestamp":1788358642244,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003091","name":"Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019KJK001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KJK001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Shandong Medicine and Health Science Technology Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018WS470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018WS470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-0746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-0746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is an important complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Early identification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers is helpful for warning of impending DCI. This study assessed whether early high CSF glutamate levels can be observed in aSAH patients who later developed DCI. In this prospective clinical study, patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus or aSAH were enrolled. We found that the early CSF levels of glutamate were significantly elevated in aSAH patients compared to patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. There was a significant difference in early CSF levels of glutamate between aSAH patients without DCI and with DCI. The early CSF levels of glutamate are significantly related to the Hunt and Hess grade, the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade, and the modified Fisher score on admission and occurrence of DCI in aSAH patients. Preliminary evidence of this study suggests that early high CSF glutamate levels are correlated with DCI in aSAH patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T15:40:15Z","timestamp":1592322015000},"page":"15385-15389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early High Cerebrospinal Fluid Glutamate:\nA Potential Predictor for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal\nSubarachnoid Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hong-Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University , , ,","place":["Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China, 250012"]},{"name":"Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Taian, People\u2019s Republic of China, 271016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Jian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jining No. 1 People\u2019s Hospital , , ,","place":["Jining, People\u2019s Republic of China, 272011"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-jun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baotou Central Hospital , , ,","place":["Baotou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 014040"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-jun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Taian, People\u2019s Republic of China, 271016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Taian, People\u2019s Republic of China, 271016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-feng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Taian, People\u2019s Republic of China, 271016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baotou Central Hospital , , ,","place":["Baotou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 014040"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-liang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Taian, People\u2019s Republic of China, 271016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0399-8027","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zong-yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , , ,","place":["Taian, People\u2019s Republic of China, 271016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-013-0257-2","article-title":"Early brain injury, an evolving frontier\nin subarachnoid hemorrhage research","volume":"4","author":"Fujii","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl.\nStroke Res."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70087-9","article-title":"Multidisciplinary\nmanagement and emerging therapeutic strategies in aneurysmal subarachnoid\nhaemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Rabinstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.589275","article-title":"Definition of delayed cerebral ischemia\nafter aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage as an outcome event in clinical\ntrials and observational studies: proposal of a multidisciplinary\nresearch group","volume":"41","author":"Vergouwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000487325","article-title":"Risk Factors and Clinical Impact of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after\nAneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Analysis from the China National\nStroke Registry","volume":"50","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.246","article-title":"Delayed\nneurological deterioration after subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"10","author":"Macdonald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.74","article-title":"Microthrombosis\nafter aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an additional explanation\nfor delayed cerebral ischemia","volume":"28","author":"Vergouwen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood\nFlow Metab."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.09.002","article-title":"Controversies and evolving new mechanisms\nin subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"115","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2174\/1568007023339328","article-title":"The metabotropic glutamate receptors: structure, activation mechanism\nand pharmacology","volume":"1","author":"Pin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Drug Targets: CNS\n& Neurological Disorders"},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533","article-title":"Metabotropic glutamate\nreceptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease","volume":"50","author":"Niswender","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00419","article-title":"Glutamate,\nGlutamate Transporters, and Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders in Neurodegenerative\nDiseases","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.11.006","article-title":"Excitotoxicity and stroke: identifying\nnovel targets for neuroprotection","volume":"115","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2009.24","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of excitotoxicity\nand their relevance to pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"30","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200205000-00018","article-title":"Bedside\nmicrodialysis: a tool to monitor cerebral metabolism in subarachnoid\nhemorrhage patients?","volume":"30","author":"Sarrafzadeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.5.0740","article-title":"Role of bedside microdialysis in\nthe diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid\nhemorrhage","volume":"94","author":"Unterberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600433","article-title":"Cerebral glutamine\nand glutamate levels in relation to compromised energy metabolism:\na microdialysis study in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients","volume":"27","author":"Samuelsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12258","article-title":"Bedside\ndiagnosis of mitochondrial dysfunction in aneurysmal subarachnoid\nhemorrhage","volume":"130","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/560305","article-title":"CSF and Serum Biomarkers\nFocusing on Cerebral Vasospasm and Ischemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage","volume":"2013","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke Res. Treat."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00438","article-title":"Amino Acids in Cerebrospinal\nFluid of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: An Observational\nStudy","volume":"8","author":"Soko\u0301\u0142","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C.; Jiang, M.; Wang, W. Q.; Zhao, S. J.; Yin, Y. X.; Mi, Q. J.; Yang, M. F.; Song, Y. Q.; Sun, B. L.; Zhang, Z. Y.\n          Selective mGluR1 Negative Allosteric\nModulator Reduces Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Cerebral Edema\nAfter Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage\n          Transl. Stroke Res.\n          2019, 10.1007\/s12975-019-00758-z.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00758-z"},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0690-x","article-title":"Delayed Cerebral\nIschemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Beyond Vasospasm and Towards\na Multifactorial Pathophysiology","volume":"19","author":"Geraghty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler.\nRep."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.544700","article-title":"Defining vasospasm\nafter subarachnoid hemorrhage: what is the most clinically relevant\ndefinition?","volume":"40","author":"Frontera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.638403","article-title":"Predicting the lack of development of delayed cerebral\nischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"43","author":"Crobeddu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS.2008.109.12.1052","article-title":"Frequency\nand clinical impact of asymptomatic cerebral infarction due to vasospasm\nafter subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"109","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6894-3_10.","article-title":"Increased levels of glutamate in\npatients with subarachnoid haemorrhage as measured by intracerebral\nmicrodialysis","volume":"67","author":"Nilsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir., Suppl."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00565","article-title":"Clinical Use\nof Cerebral Microdialysis in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid\nHemorrhage-State of the Art","volume":"8","author":"Helbok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.20.10.1407","article-title":"Stroke-1989.\nRecommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report\nof the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders","volume":"20","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2015.1018892","article-title":"Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: pathobiology, current\ntreatment and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Serrone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev.\nNeurother."},{"key":"2026090209550070200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00367.x","article-title":"China National Stroke,\nR., Clinical characteristics, management, and functional outcomes\nin Chinese patients within the first year after intracerebral hemorrhage:\nanalysis from China National Stroke Registry","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c01472","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/25\/15385\/67776918\/acsomega.0c01472.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/25\/15385\/67776918\/acsomega.0c01472.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:55:09Z","timestamp":1788357309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/5\/25\/15385\/975365\/Early-High-Cerebrospinal-Fluid-Glutamate-A"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c01472","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]}}}