{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:19:15Z","timestamp":1788351555266,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP-K90) is widely used to manage dry eye syndrome (DES). The marketed eye drop solutions (high dose) need frequent instillation, affecting the routine lifestyle of patients. PVP-K90-laden contact lenses can be used to overcome the limitations of eye drop solutions (low bioavailability and frequent instillation). However, the conventional methods of PVP-K90 loading show poor loading capacity and short duration of effect. In the present study, we have developed PVP-K90-coated contact lenses via a short curing approach to increase the PVP-K90 loading capacity with a sustained release profile to manage dry eye syndrome. PVP-K90 was loaded by a soaking method (SM-PVP), direct loading (during fabrication, DL-PVP), a combination of soaking and direct loading (DL-SM-PVP), and a novel coating process (SM-PVP-C and DL-SM-PVP-C). The swelling studies suggested improvement in the water uptake (hydration) property of the contact lenses due to the presence of PVP-K90. The optical transparency was within an acceptable range. The in vitro release of PVP-K90 was in the following order: PVP-coated contact lens (168 h) &amp;gt; DL-SM-PVP (168 h) &amp;gt; DL-PVP (96 h) &amp;gt; SM-PVP (72\u201396 h). PVP-coated contact lenses showed a high burst effect (lubricating effect) and sustained release (3161\u2013448 ng\/h between 24 and 168 h) due to high PVP loading\/coating in comparison to the uncoated respective contact lenses (964\u2013113 ng\/h between 24 and 96 h). In animal studies, the PVP-K90-coated contact lens showed higher tear volume in comparison to the respective uncoated contact lenses and an eye drop solution. This study demonstrates a novel approach of coating a high amount of PVP-K90 on contact lenses for sustained release to manage several ocular diseases like dry eye syndrome, conjunctivitis, and other ocular injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T14:46:57Z","timestamp":1594651617000},"page":"18148-18154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Novel Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-Coated Silicone Contact\nLenses to Improve Tear Volume During Lens Wear: In Vitro and In Vivo\nStudies"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-2504","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Furqan A.","family":"Maulvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Uka Tarsadia University , , ,","place":["Surat, India, 394350"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uka Tarsadia University , , ,","place":["Surat, India, 394350"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parth D.","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uka Tarsadia University , , ,","place":["Surat, India, 394350"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita R.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uka Tarsadia University , , ,","place":["Surat, India, 394350"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ditixa T.","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uka Tarsadia University , , ,","place":["Surat, India, 394350"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish R.","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo , , , ,","place":["Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketan M.","family":"Ranch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uka Tarsadia University , , ,","place":["Surat, India, 394350"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shailesh A.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uka Tarsadia University , , ,","place":["Surat, India, 394350"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh O.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida , , , ,","place":["Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.04.003","article-title":"Changes in the tear\nfilm and ocular surface from dry\neye syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Retinal Eye Res."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.9.1264","article-title":"Prevalence\nof and risk factors for\ndry eye syndrome","volume":"118","author":"Moss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090207454992600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009729.pub2","article-title":"Over the\ncounter (OTC) artificial\ntear drops for dry eye syndrome","author":"Pucker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database\nSyst. Rev."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318269cb99","article-title":"Choice of artificial\ntear formulation for patients with dry eye: where do we start?","volume":"31","author":"Tong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000355","article-title":"The effect of an\nartificial tear combining hyaluronic\nacid and tamarind seeds polysaccharide in patients with moderate dry\neye syndrome: a new treatment for dry eye","volume":"24","author":"Barabino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur.\nJ. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318180e55c","article-title":"Effect of hypotonic\n0.4% hyaluronic acid drops in dry\neye patients: a cross-over study","volume":"27","author":"Troiano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181824de3","article-title":"Precorneal residence time of artificial\ntears measured\nin dry eye subjects","volume":"85","author":"Paugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181bd476c","article-title":"Dynamic changes in\nthe lower tear meniscus after instillation of\nartificial tears","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-6411(98)00070-8","article-title":"Polyacrylic acid\/poly(vinylpyrrolidone)\nbipolymeric\nsystems. I. Rheological and mucoadhesive properties of formulations\npotentially useful for the treatment of dry-eye-syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Oechsner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00445","article-title":"Prolonged ocular retention of mucoadhesive\nnanoparticle eye drop formulation enables treatment of eye diseases\nusing significantly reduced dosage","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01939943","article-title":"Retention of topical\nliposomal formulations on the cornea","volume":"46","author":"McCalden","year":"1990","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.5.5.567","article-title":"Ocular novel drug delivery: impacts\nof membranes and barriers","volume":"5","author":"Barar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug\nDelivery"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2016.1138342","article-title":"A review\non therapeutic contact lenses\nfor ocular drug delivery","volume":"23","author":"Maulvi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Delivery"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30613","article-title":"The elution of poly(vinyl\nalcohol) from a contact lens: the realization of a time release moisturizing\nagent\/artificial tear","volume":"80B","author":"Winterton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit15","unstructured":"Maiden, A. C.; Vanderlaan, D. G.; Turner, D. C.; Love, R. N.; Ford, J. D.; Molock, F. F.; Steffen, R. B.; Hill, G. A.; Alli, A.; McCabe, K. P.\n          Hydrogel with\nInternal Wetting Agent. US6,367,9292002."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2008.01.023","article-title":"Macromolecule release and smoothness\nof semi-interpenetrating PVP\u2013pHEMA networks for comfortable\nsoft contact lenses","volume":"69","author":"Yanez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2014.09.002","article-title":"A hyaluronic\nacid-binding contact lens with enhanced water retention","volume":"38","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.10.039","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid containing hydrogels\nfor the reduction of protein adsorption","volume":"29","author":"Van Beek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.01.063","article-title":"Design\nand optimization of a novel implantation technology\nin contact lenses for the treatment of dry eye syndrome: In vitro\nand in vivo evaluation","volume":"53","author":"Maulvi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9818-6","article-title":"Controlled release\nof high molecular weight hyaluronic\nacid from molecularly imprinted hydrogel contact lenses","volume":"26","author":"Ali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2018.1514192","article-title":"Determination of the\nrelease of PEG and HPMC from nelfilcon A daily disposable contact\nlenses using a novel in vitro eye model","volume":"29","author":"Phan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\nBiomater. Sci., Polym. Ed."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b16425","article-title":"Reducing\nfriction in the eye: a comparative study of lubrication by surface-anchored\nsynthetic and natural ocular mucin analogues","volume":"9","author":"Sterner","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110726","article-title":"Nanoscale poly (acrylic acid)-based hydrogels prepared\nvia a green single-step approach for application as low-viscosity\nbiomimetic fluid tears","volume":"110","author":"Swilem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.3980\/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.05.33","article-title":"Oxygen permeability\nof soft contact\nlenses in different pH, osmolality and buffering solution","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1983.01040020385","article-title":"Schirmer\u2019s\ntest: a closer look","volume":"101","author":"Clinch","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1576","article-title":"Comparison of absorptive capacities\nof original and modified Schirmer tear test strips in dogs","volume":"216","author":"van der Woerdt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.06.008","article-title":"Plackett-Burman\ndesign for screening of critical variables and their effects on the\noptical transparency and swelling of gatifloxacin-Pluronic-loaded\ncontact lens","volume":"566","author":"Maulvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.01.004","article-title":"Effect\nof gold nanoparticles on timolol uptake and its release kinetics from\ncontact lenses: in vitro and in vivo evaluation","volume":"86","author":"Maulvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.06.059","article-title":"Contact lenses with\ndual drug delivery for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"548","author":"Maulvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33904","article-title":"Characterization\nand quantitation of PVP content in a silicone hydrogel contact lens\nproduced by dual-phase polymerization processing","volume":"106","author":"Hoteling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119279","article-title":"Tailored gatifloxacin\nPluronic F-68-loaded contact lens: Addressing the issue of transmittance\nand swelling","volume":"581","author":"Maulvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110885","article-title":"Multiple\ndrug delivery from the drug-implants-laden silicone contact lens:\nAddressing the issue of burst drug release","volume":"112","author":"Desai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.05.064","article-title":"pH triggered\ncontrolled drug delivery\nfrom contact lenses: Addressing the challenges of drug leaching during\nsterilization and storage","volume":"157","author":"Maulvi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit34","first-page":"783","article-title":"Evaluation\nof Lacrimation Characteristics in Clinically Normal New Zealand White\nRabbits by Using the Schirmer Tear Test I","volume-title":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science","author":"Whittaker","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026090207454992600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00421.x","article-title":"Analysis\nof tear uptake by the Schirmer tear test strip in the canine eye","volume":"8","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c01764","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/29\/18148\/67719577\/acsomega.0c01764.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/29\/18148\/67719577\/acsomega.0c01764.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:45:53Z","timestamp":1788349553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/5\/29\/18148\/800511\/Novel-Poly-vinylpyrrolidone-Coated-Silicone"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c01764","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]}}}