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Then, three-dimensional (3D) nonisothermal kinetic models of SARA fractions were established and volatile constituents of SARA fractions were discussed. Results indicate that when the heating rate is increased, the decomposition temperature ranges in each stage increase and the initial decomposition, peak, and burn-out temperatures of each SARA fraction all shift to high temperatures. Also, the whole energy conversion processes of SARA fractions are mainly exothermic reactions. Additionally, the energy conversion mechanism in each stage of saturates and aromatics accords with different nonisothermal kinetic models. However, the energy conversion mechanisms of resins and asphaltenes are similar and both accord with the 3D diffusion models. Further, the established nonisothermal kinetic models in each decomposition stage of SARA fractions are feasible to describe the energy conversion processes of SARA fractions. The released small molecular volatiles from saturates and aromatics increase when the heating rate is increased, but the macromolecular volatiles are decreased. The opposite is true for resins, but all volatiles emitted from asphaltenes are increased. Finally, the heating rate has little influence on the constituents of emitted gaseous products from SARA fractions but shows an effect on the release amount of volatiles from SARA fractions. The main common volatiles of SARA fractions are CO2, H2O, methanol, hydrazine, propyne, acetaldehyde, and propane. This study contributes to further reveal the energy conversion mechanisms of bituminous materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c02023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T14:15:56Z","timestamp":1597414556000},"page":"20831-20841","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Thermal Characteristics, Kinetic Models, and Volatile\nConstituents during the Energy Conversion of Bituminous SARA Fractions\nin Air"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Forestry University , , 159 Longpan Road , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210037"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6546-4197","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Forestry University , , 159 Longpan Road , , ,","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210037"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090205313896700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.09.045","article-title":"Molecular\ndynamics simulation of physicochemical properties\nof the asphalt model","volume":"164","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026090205313896700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.02.121","article-title":"Molecular\ndynamics investigation of interfacial adhesion between oxidised bitumen\nand mineral surfaces","volume":"479","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. 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