{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:23:03Z","timestamp":1788355383675,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-05780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-05780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eflornithine is a recommended treatment against the otherwise fatal parasitic disease late stage human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as Gambian sleeping sickness. It is administered repeatedly as a racemic mixture intravenously (IV) together with oral nifurtimox. Racemic eflornithine has been investigated in clinical trials for oral dosing. However, due to low systemic exposures at a maximum tolerated oral dose, the drug is continued to be administered IV. The eflornithine enantiomers, d- and l-eflornithine, have different affinities to the target enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, suggesting that the pharmacodynamics of the enantiomers may differ. The aim of this study was to develop a method for isolation of d- and l-eflornithine from a racemic mixture. Several chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were evaluated for enantioselectivity using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). None of the tested CSPs rendered separation of the enantiomers in SFC mode. Separation of the enantiomers with SFC on the CSP Chiralpak IG was only achieved on an analytical scale after derivatization with ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA). This was the first reported enantioselective SFC method for an eflornithine derivate. However, due to poor stability, the eflornithine-OPA derivates degraded and no chemically pure enantiomers were obtained. The CSP that showed enantioselectivity in HPLC mode was Chirobiotic R, which resulted in a successful isolation on a semipreparative milligram scale. The isolated eflornithine enantiomers will be tested in nonclinical in vitro and in vivo studies to support and assess the feasibility of a future clinical program with an oral HAT treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c03121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T11:44:23Z","timestamp":1599824663000},"page":"23885-23891","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Chiral Chromatographic Isolation on Milligram Scale\nof the Human African Trypanosomiasis Treatment\n                    <scp>d<\/scp>\n                    - and\n                    <scp>l<\/scp>\n                    -Eflornithine"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4422-6226","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mikael","family":"Boberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, 41390"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Jonson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AstraZeneca , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, 43183"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Leek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AstraZeneca , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, 43183"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Jansson-Lo\u0308fmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, 41390"]},{"name":"AstraZeneca , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, 43183"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gothenburg , , ,","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden, 41390"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005454","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis control: Achievements\nand challenges","volume":"11","author":"Aksoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. 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Neurol."},{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit5","unstructured":"WHO.\n          \n          WHO Executive Summary\n          ;\n          2012."},{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit6","unstructured":"WHO.\n          \n          WHO interim guidelines for the treatment of gambiense\nhuman African trypanosomiasis.  WHO interim\nguidelines for the treatment of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis; 2019."},{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030135","article-title":"Sustainable\nElimination (Zero Cases)\nof Sleeping Sickness: How Far Are We from Achieving This Goal?","volume":"8","author":"Akazue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008261","article-title":"Monitoring\nthe elimination of human African trypanosomiasis at continental and\ncountry level: Update to 2018","volume":"14","author":"Franco","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected\nTrop. Dis."},{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61117-X","article-title":"Nifurtimox-eflornithine combination\ntherapy for second-stage African Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis:\na multicentre, randomised, phase III, non-inferiority trial","volume":"374","author":"Priotto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000064","article-title":"Nifurtimox plus Eflornithine\nfor late-stage sleeping\nsickness in Uganda: a case series","volume":"1","author":"Checchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected\nTrop. 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Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd915","article-title":"Putting chirality\nto work: the strategy\nof chiral switches","volume":"1","author":"Agranat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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Pharmacodyn."},{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s002800050927","article-title":"Thirteen-week oral\ntoxicity study of difluoromethylornithine in combination with tamoxifen\ncitrate in female dogs","volume":"43","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026090209120716200_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/50.1.127","article-title":"Developmental\ntoxicity\nstudies of 2-(difluoromethyl)-dl-ornithine (DFMO) in rats and rabbits","volume":"50","author":"Kirchner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. 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