{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:16:37Z","timestamp":1788347797083,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"47","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccbyncnd_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006469","name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0064\/2020\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0064\/2020\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006469","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pathogenesis similarity is leading to the introduction of drugs commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) into coronavirus disease (COVID-19) treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was widely used for the treatment of infectious diseases and rheumatic diseases. However, there is little knowledge of the relationship between COVID-19 and RA treatment employing TCM formulas. The present work was aimed to compare the similarity and specificity of TCM formulas for the management of COVID-19 and RA, as well as to deduce the potential mechanism of TCM for COVID-19 treatment. Two formulas including lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) and duhuojisheng (DHJS) were selected as the representatives of TCM for COVID-19 and RA treatment, respectively. An integrated network pharmacology was used to investigate their similarity and specificity. Although different herbs are present in the two formulas, they generated fairly similar ingredients, targets, interaction networks and enriched pathways, which were mainly involved in virus infection, inflammation, and immune dysregulation. Undoubtedly, they also exhibited their respective specificity. LHQW showed the cold property and lung channel tropism which dominated heat-clearing and lung-freeing, while DHJS showed the warm property and liver channel tropism. Herbal compatibility of LHQW was more in line with the rules of the TCM formula against coronavirus disease. Although both formulas suggested multifunctionality in virus infection and inflammation, LHQW was inclined to cope with virus infection, while DHJS was inclined to cope with inflammation. Therefore, LHQW was reliable for providing the desired efficacy in COVID-19 management because of its cold property, lung channel tropism, and multifunctionality for coping with virus infection and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c04377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T22:02:49Z","timestamp":1605736969000},"page":"30519-30530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Similarity and Specificity of Traditional Chinese\nMedicine Formulas for Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Rheumatoid\nArthritis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-6600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Normal University , , ,","place":["Xuzhou, China, 221116"]},{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , Taipa , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9010-9728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hongwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , Taipa , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , Taipa , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , Taipa , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , Taipa , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , Taipa , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]},{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1620-6332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , Taipa , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]},{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7956-2481","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhihong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , Taipa , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]},{"name":"Macau University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Macau, China, 999078"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit1","unstructured":"WHO.\n          \n          Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation reports. https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/situation-reports (accessed 7 Sep, 2020)."},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2\ncell entry depends on\nACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics\nof coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl.\nJ. Med."},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected\nwith 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030623","article-title":"Potential rapid\ndiagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics\nfor 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Pang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13091","article-title":"COVID-19\ndiagnosis and management: a comprehensive review","volume":"288","author":"Pascarella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intern. 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Pathol."},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4354","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13725","article-title":"Astragaloside IV modulates\nTGF -\u03b21-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bleomycin-induced\npulmonary fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Qian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.10.001","article-title":"The disturbed redox-balance in pulmonary fibrosis is\nmodulated by the plant flavonoid quercetin","volume":"336","author":"Veith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit47","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s\nRepublic of China","author":"CCP Commission.","year":"2015","edition":"2015"},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-6-13","article-title":"TCMSP: a database of systems pharmacology\nfor drug discovery from herbal medicines","volume":"6","author":"Ru","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\nCheminf."},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.08.041","article-title":"Network pharmacology analysis of\nthe anti-cancer pharmacological\nmechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum extract with experimental support\nusing Hepa1-6-bearing C57 BL\/6 mice","volume":"210","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026090206392690300_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01185","article-title":"Integrating\nnetwork pharmacology\nand pharmacological evaluation for deciphering the action mechanism\nof herbal formula Zuojin Pill in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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