{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:11:47Z","timestamp":1793196707669,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"46","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["269570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["269570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Borregaard AS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lignosulfonates are biobased surfactants and specialty chemicals, which are described as water-soluble polyelectrolyte macromolecules that are generated during the sulfite pulping of lignocellulose biomass. Due to their amphiphilic nature, lignosulfonates have made their way into various applications, such as plasticizers, dispersants, and suspension or emulsion stabilizer. The stabilization efficiency for oil-in-water emulsions is affected, among other aspects, by the presence of alcohols. Low-molecular-weight alcohols can improve the performance of lignosulfonates; however, the effects of such additive have not yet been fully explored. In this article, we hence studied emulsion stability in dependence of alcohol concentration and other parameters, such as salinity. One or two regions of improved stability were found, which occurred at approximately 0.001\u20130.01 M alcohol in water, and in some cases additionally at 1\u20133 M. The four lignosulfonate samples responded distinctly to the alcohol additives. Little difference was found for varying lignosulfonate concentration or the alcohol type, that is, methanol, ethanol, or 2-propanol. Adding ethanol at high salinity (720 mM NaCl) showed a destabilizing effect. A decrease in interfacial tension was noted when adding 1 M ethanol or more, but the surface pressure of lignosulfonates decreased progressively at 0.3 M ethanol and above. These effects are counteracting, which could explain why increasing alcohol concentration would either enhance or impair stability. Overall, emulsion stability was affected by concentration effects and not cosurfactant action of the alcohols. Composition changes can influence the dielectric properties of the bulk solvent, further affecting the anionic functional groups, which was evidenced by alcohol addition affecting the lignosulfonates with lower hydrophobicity more strongly and by ethanol exhibiting the destabilizing effect at high salinity. In conclusion, adding low-molecular-weight alcohols may hence influence the behavior of lignosulfonates and render them more accessible for interactions with hydrophobic interfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c04650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T10:11:56Z","timestamp":1605089516000},"page":"30168-30175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effect of Low-Molecular-Weight Alcohols on Emulsion Stabilization\nwith Lignosulfonates"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0583-224X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jost","family":"Ruwoldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , , ,","place":["Trondheim, Norway, 7491"]},{"name":"RISE PFI AS , H\u00f8gskoleringen 6B , ,","place":["Trondheim, Norway, 7491"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisle","family":"\u00d8ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , , ,","place":["Trondheim, Norway, 7491"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470686607.ch14","article-title":"New Developments\nin the Commercial Utilization of Lignosulfonates","volume-title":"Surfactants from Renewable Resources","author":"Lauten","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040868","article-title":"Production of flocculants,\nadsorbents, and dispersants from lignin","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crcon.2018.07.006","article-title":"Synthetic and lignin-based surfactants:\nChallenges and opportunities","volume":"1","author":"Alwadani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbon Resour.\nConvers."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201700082","article-title":"Production and Application\nof Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin","volume":"10","author":"Aro","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20940-6_8","article-title":"Advances Concerning\nLignin Utilization in New Materials","volume-title":"Advances\nin Natural Polymers: Composites and Nanocomposites","author":"Cazacu","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527619887","volume-title":"Handbook of Pulp","author":"Sixta","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit7","first-page":"261","article-title":"The Hansen solubility\nparameters of some lignosulfonates","volume":"1","author":"Myrvold","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Acad.\nSci. Eng. Technol. Trans. Energy Power Eng."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7735","DOI":"10.1021\/la800479k","article-title":"Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and\nRheological Characterization of Aqueous Lignosulfonate Solutions","volume":"24","author":"Vainio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.5.2.1178-1196","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption\nbehaviors of lignosulfonate during the self-assembly of multilayers","volume":"5","author":"Deng","year":"2010","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15857","DOI":"10.1021\/jp107036m","article-title":"Aggregation Behavior of Sodium Lignosulfonate\nin Water Solution","volume":"114","author":"Qiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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In  Kinetics\nand Equilibria of Calcium Lignosulfonate Adsorption and Desorption\nonto Limestone, SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry; Society of Petroleum Engineers: The\nWoodlands, Texas, 2005; pp 11.","DOI":"10.2118\/93098-MS"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2009.05.072","article-title":"Effect of straight-chain alcohols\non the physicochemical properties of calcium lignosulfonate","volume":"338","author":"Qiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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In  Laboratory Evaluation of Using Lignosulfonate and Surfactant\nMixture in CO2 Flooding, In SPE\/DOE Improved Oil Recovery\nSymposium; Society of Petroleum Engineers: Tulsa, Oklahoma, 2000; p 9.","DOI":"10.2118\/59368-MS"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7757(00)00739-1","article-title":"Langmuir surface and interface films of lignosulfonates\nand Kraft lignins in the presence of electrolyte and asphaltenes:\ncorrelation to emulsion stability","volume":"182","author":"Gundersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Colloids\nSurf., A"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7757(99)00165-X","article-title":"Complexation between\nlignosulfonates and cationic surfactants and its influence on emulsion\nand foam stability","volume":"159","author":"Askvik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15007","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c00616","article-title":"Lignosulfonate\nSalt Tolerance and the Effect on Emulsion Stability","author":"Ruwoldt","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.125478","article-title":"Viscoelastic\nproperties of interfacial lignosulfonate films and the effect of added\nelectrolytes","volume":"606","author":"Ruwoldt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit30","unstructured":"Askvik, K. 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Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1080\/10916460008949898","article-title":"SODIUM LIGNIN SULFONATE TO STABILIZE\nHEAVY CRUDE OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS FOR PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION","volume":"18","author":"Zaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pet. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit35","article-title":"Properties of mixed surfactant\nsolutions containing petroleum sulfonates and lignosulfonates","author":"Manasrah","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cellul. Chem. Technol."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit36","first-page":"297","article-title":"Lignosulfonate-based\nmixed surfactants for low interfacial tension","volume":"18","author":"Hornof","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cellul. Chem. Technol."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527647941","volume-title":"Emulsion Formation\nand Stability","author":"Tadros","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9020259","article-title":"Oil-in-Water emulsions stabilized\nby cellulose nanofibrils\u2500The effects of ionic strength and\npH","volume":"9","author":"Aaen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12260","article-title":"Nanoemulsion: process selection and\napplication in cosmetics \u2013 a review","volume":"38","author":"Yukuyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. 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Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701289292","article-title":"Critical\nReview of Techniques and Methodologies for Characterization of Emulsion\nStability","volume":"47","author":"McClements","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1520\/JAI12915","article-title":"Characterization of sulfonated lignin dispersants by\nhydrophobic interactive chromatography","volume":"2","author":"Winowiski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. ASTM\nInt."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1080\/01932691.2013.811573","article-title":"Dynamic and\nRheological Properties of Span 80 at Liquid\u2013Liquid Interfaces","volume":"35","author":"Benmekhbi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Disp. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7265","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.6b03763","article-title":"Effect\nof Different Surfactants on the Interfacial Behavior of the n-Hexane\u2013Water\nSystem in the Presence of Silica Nanoparticles","volume":"120","author":"Biswal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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Polym."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1995.070571203","article-title":"Alcell lignin solubility in ethanol\u2013water mixtures","volume":"57","author":"Ni","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.06.054","article-title":"Solubility\nand fractionation of Indulin AT kraft lignin in ethanol-water media","volume":"209","author":"Goldmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2006.02.008","article-title":"Characterisation of lignosulphonates\nand kraft lignin by hydrophobic interaction chromatography","volume":"565","author":"Ekeberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0095-8522(58)90053-9","article-title":"Coalescence\nof liquid drops at oil-water interfaces","volume":"13","author":"Nielsen","year":"1958","journal-title":"J.\nColloid Sci."},{"key":"2026090210143798600_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202000849","article-title":"Hydrophobic Interaction\nChromatography (HIC) in 2D-LC Characterization of Lignosulfonates","author":"Musl","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c04650","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/46\/30168\/67788205\/acsomega.0c04650.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/46\/30168\/67788205\/acsomega.0c04650.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:14:44Z","timestamp":1788358484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/5\/46\/30168\/584178\/Effect-of-Low-Molecular-Weight-Alcohols-on"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"46","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c04650","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]}}}