{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:00:52Z","timestamp":1789988452774,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"49","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccbyncnd_termsofuse.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To support clinical use, a multigram-scale process has been developed to provide 5-MeO-DMT, a psychedelic natural product found in the parotid gland secretions of the toad, Incilius alvarius. Several synthetic routes were initially explored, and the selected process featured an optimized Fischer indole reaction to 5-MeO-DMT freebase in high-yield, from which the 1:1 succinate salt was produced to provide 136 g of crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with 99.86% peak area by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a net yield of 49%. The report provides in-process monitoring, validated analytical methods, impurity formation and removal, and solid-state characterization of the API essential for subsequent clinical development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c05099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T14:35:10Z","timestamp":1606919710000},"page":"32067-32075","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Synthesis and Characterization of 5-MeO-DMT\nSuccinate for Clinical Use"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0895-0791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Usona Institute , 2800 Woods Hollow Road , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53711"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Claveau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almac Sciences , 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate , ,","place":["Craigavon, United Kingdom, BT63 5QD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Lancelotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Habituating to Wholeness , 6500 W 13th Avenue , , ,","place":["Lakewood, Colorado, United States, 80214"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi W.","family":"Kaylo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usona Institute , 2800 Woods Hollow Road , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53711"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Lenoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usona Institute , 2800 Woods Hollow Road , , ,","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53711"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000084","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Hallucinogens:\nA Review","volume":"24","author":"Garcia-Romeu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1415755","article-title":"Novel Psychotherapeutics\u2013a Cautiously Optimistic\nFocus on Hallucinogens","volume":"11","author":"Sherwood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4771-x","article-title":"Psilocybin\nwith Psychological Support for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Six-Month\nFollow-Up","volume":"235","author":"Carhart-Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513","article-title":"Psilocybin\nProduces Substantial and Sustained Decreases in Depression and Anxiety\nin Patients with Life-Threatening Cancer: A Randomized Double-Blind\nTrial","volume":"30","author":"Griffiths","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118806297","article-title":"3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Assisted Psychotherapy\nfor Treatment of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized\nPhase 2 Controlled Trial","volume":"32","author":"Ot\u2019alora G","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675512","article-title":"Rapid and Sustained Symptom Reduction Following Psilocybin\nTreatment for Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Life-Threatening\nCancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"30","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.03.017","article-title":"Long-Term\nEffects of Psychedelic Drugs: A Systematic Review","volume":"113","author":"Aday","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02459","article-title":"Intensity of Mystical Experiences\nOccasioned by 5-MeO-DMT\nand Comparison with a Prior Psilocybin Study","volume":"9","author":"Barsuglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1545024","article-title":"5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine\n(5-MeO-DMT) Used in a Naturalistic Group Setting Is Associated with\nUnintended Improvements in Depression and Anxiety","volume":"45","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2358-5","article-title":"Psilocybin Occasioned Mystical-Type\nExperiences: Immediate and Persisting\nDose-Related Effects","volume":"218","author":"Griffiths","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(94)90051-5","article-title":"Bufo alvarius: A Potent Hallucinogen\nof Animal Origin","volume":"41","author":"Weil","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.23-0903","article-title":"Alkaloids\nin Certain Species of Virola and Other South American Plants of Ethnopharmacologic\nInterest","volume":"23","author":"Agurell","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Chem. Scand."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(84)90048-5","article-title":"Monoamine\nOxidase Inhibitors in South\nAmerican Hallucinogenic Plants Part 2: Constituents of Orally-Active Myristicaceous hallucinogens","volume":"12","author":"Mckenna","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(84)90093-X","article-title":"Fifteen\nYears of Study of Psychoactive Snuffs of South America: 1967-1982-\na Review","volume":"11","author":"Schultes","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315864594","volume-title":"Anadenanthera: Visionary\nPlant of Ancient South America","author":"Torres","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118769063","article-title":"The Epidemiology\nof 5-Methoxy-N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) Use: Benefits, Consequences,\nPatterns of Use, Subjective Effects, and Reasons for Consumption","volume":"32","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05236-w","article-title":"A Single Inhalation of Vapor from\nDried Toad Secretion Containing 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)\nin a Naturalistic Setting Is Related to Sustained Enhancement of Satisfaction\nwith Life, Mindfulness-Related Capacities, and a Decrement of Psyc","volume":"236","author":"Uthaug","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit18","volume-title":"The Toad and the Jaguar:\nA Field Report of Underground Research on a Visionary Medicine: Bufo\nalvarius and 5-Methoxy-Dimethyltryptamine","author":"Metzner","year":"2013","edition":"1"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2020.00123","article-title":"A Comparison\nof Reactivation Experiences Following Vaporization and Intramuscular\nInjection (IM) of Synthetic 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)\nin a Naturalistic Setting","volume":"4","author":"Uthaug","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2019.033","article-title":"Inhaled 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine:\nSupportive Context Associated with Positive Acute and Enduring Effects","volume":"4","author":"Sepeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psychedelic Stud."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1737763","article-title":"Use of Benefit Enhancement\nStrategies among 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine\n(5-MeO-DMT) Users: Associations with Mystical, Challenging, and Enduring\nEffects","volume":"52","author":"Lancelotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychoact. Drugs"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011478","article-title":"Psychedelics","volume":"68","author":"Nichols","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002","article-title":"Hallucinogens","volume":"101","author":"Nichols","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.01.017","article-title":"Multiple Receptors\nContribute to the Behavioral Effects\nof Indoleamine Hallucinogens","volume":"61","author":"Halberstadt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2616-6","article-title":"Behavioral\nEffects of \u03b1,\u03b1,\u03b2,\u03b2-Tetradeutero-5-MeO-DMT\nin Rats: Comparison with 5-MeO-DMT Administered in Combination with\na Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor","volume":"221","author":"Halberstadt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0566-1","article-title":"The Roles\nof 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 Receptors in the Effects of 5-MeO-DMT on Locomotor\nActivity and Prepulse Inhibition in Rats","volume":"189","author":"Krebs-Thomson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050740","article-title":"Evidence for a Functional\nInteraction between 5-HT(1A)\nand 5-HT2 Receptors in Rats","volume":"140","author":"Krebs-Thomson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245219","article-title":"Cross-Tolerance Studies of Serotonin\nReceptors Involved\nin Behavioral Effects of LSD in Rats","volume":"113","author":"Krebs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit29","unstructured":"Data from the NIMH Psychoactive\nDrug Screening Program."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.01.005","article-title":"Modulatory\nEffect of the 5-HT1A Agonist Buspirone and the Mixed Non-Hallucinogenic\n5-HT1A\/2A Agonist Ergotamine on Psilocybin-Induced Psychedelic Experience","volume":"26","author":"Pokorny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit31","volume-title":"TIHKAL: The Continuation","author":"Shulgin","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.022","article-title":"Psychedelics\nPromote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity","volume":"23","author":"Ly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.020","article-title":"Psychedelic\nPsychiatry\u2019s Brave\nNew World","volume":"181","author":"Nutt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285","article-title":"Effects\nof Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder A Randomized\nClinical Trial","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23071719","article-title":"Salts of\nTherapeutic Agents: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Considerations","volume":"23","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1107\/S2056989019007370","article-title":"Bis(4-Acetoxy-\nN, N -Dimethyltryptammonium)\nFumarate: A New Crystalline Form of Psilacetin, an Alternative to\nPsilocybin as a Psilocin Prodrug","volume":"75","author":"Chadeayne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr.,\nSect. E"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00200-6","article-title":"Differential\nTolerance to Biological\nand Subjective Effects of Four Closely Spaced Doses of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine\nin Humans","volume":"39","author":"Strassman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.05.036","article-title":"Degradation Caused\nby Incompatibility between Sodium Stearyl Fumarate (PRUV) and AZD7986\nin the Drug Product","volume":"158","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2015.03.020","article-title":"Copper(II)\nComplexes with N-Substituted Aspartic Acids: A New One-Pot Synthesis\nMethod via in Situ Michael Addition of Amines to Fumaric Acid","volume":"430","author":"Do","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.142","article-title":"Characterization\nof the Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine by Reductive Amination\nUsing Gas Chromatography Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry","volume":"2","author":"Brandt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6208","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01652a113","article-title":"The Action of Oxalyl\nChloride on Indoles: A New Approach\nto Tryptamines","volume":"76","author":"Speeter","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16959","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c02387","article-title":"Direct Phosphorylation\nof Psilocin\nEnables Optimized CGMP Kilogram-Scale Manufacture of Psilocybin","volume":"5","author":"Kargbo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1021\/np030059u","article-title":"Concise Large-Scale\nSynthesis of\nPsilocin and Psilocybin, Principal Hallucinogenic Constituents of\n\u201cMagic Mushroom","volume":"66","author":"Shirota","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1999-3490","article-title":"Improvements\nto the Synthesis of Psilocybin and a Facile Method for Preparing the\nO-Acetyl Prodrug of Psilocin","volume":"1999","author":"Nichols","year":"1999","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit45","first-page":"73","article-title":"2-(Indol-3\u2032-Yl)-2-Hydroxy-N,N-Dimethylethylamine\nand 2-(Indol-3\u2032-Yl)-2[3\u2033-[2\u2019\u2019\u2019-(N,N-Dimethylamino)\nEthyl]Indol-2\u2033-Yl]-N,N-Dimethylethylamine, by-Products in the\nLAH Reduction of 3-Indoleglyoxyl- N,N-Dimethylamide","volume":"53","author":"Crookes","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pol. J. Chem."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00092a046","article-title":"Improved Fischer Indole Reaction for the Preparation\nof N,N-Dimethyltryptamines: Synthesis of L-695,894, a Potent 5-HT1D\nReceptor Agonist","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.7.57","article-title":"An Overview\nof the\nKey Routes to the Best Selling 5-Membered Ring Heterocyclic Pharmaceuticals","volume":"7","author":"Baumann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.03.013","article-title":"Halogenated\nSolvent Interactions\nwith N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: Formation of Quaternary Ammonium Salts\nand Their Artificially Induced Rearrangements during Analysis","volume":"178","author":"Brandt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4968","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00507","article-title":"Reaction of N, N-Dimethyltryptamine\nwith Dichloromethane\nunder Common Experimental Conditions","volume":"3","author":"Dunlap","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.893","article-title":"Studies on Tropane Alkaloid Extraction\nby Volatile Organic Solvents: Dichloromethane vs. Chloroform","volume":"17","author":"El Jaber-Vazdekis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.12.024","article-title":"N,N-Dimethyltryptamine\nand Dichloromethane:\nRearrangement of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Product during GC-EI and\nCI-MS-MS Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Brandt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.38b-0469","article-title":"Solvent Properties of Dichloromethane.\nII. The Reactivity of Dichloromethane\nToward Amines","volume":"38b","author":"Nevstad","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Chem. Scand."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1021\/op060155c","article-title":"Solvent\nApplications of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran in Organometallic and Biphasic\nReactions","volume":"11","author":"Aycock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Org. Process Res. Dev."},{"key":"2026092106120552700_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2174\/138920010794233495","article-title":"Psychedelic 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine:\nMetabolism, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Interactions, and Pharmacological\nActions","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c05099","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/49\/32067\/67806314\/acsomega.0c05099.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/5\/49\/32067\/67806314\/acsomega.0c05099.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:18:56Z","timestamp":1789985936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/5\/49\/32067\/1383548\/Synthesis-and-Characterization-of-5-MeO-DMT"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"49","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c05099","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]}}}