{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:42:59Z","timestamp":1786732979910,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0604104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0604104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is crucial to accurately evaluate the slagging characteristics of coal before industrial application. However, when evaluating the Xinjiang high-sodium low-rank coal (XJc) according to the properties of the ash prepared at 815 \u00b0C, the ashing temperature of the coal sample specified by Chinese standards, forecasting failures are frequent. To figure out the internal reason, the influence of ashing temperature on predicting slagging characteristics of XJc was investigated via an ashing test and thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. Experimental results show that when XJc is ashed at 815 \u00b0C, the ash yield apparently reduces compared to the case when ashed at 500 \u00b0C since numerous volatile components are released. The release of these components contributes to an obvious inhibition in the formation of the liquid phase in the residual ash, especially at temperatures below 1200 \u00b0C. Hence, reducing the ashing temperature is conducive to the acquirement of more real ash compositions of XJc and thereby to the accurate prediction of the slagging behaviors. By a comparison with reported experimental results, it is found that the liquid ratio\u2013temperature curve calculated from the ash compositions of the ash prepared at 500 \u00b0C basically reflects the actual slagging tendency of XJc. According to the evolution of minerals with temperature, two slagging mechanisms, self-fusion of sodium-bearing salts and low-temperature eutectics, are confirmed. In addition, effects of antislagging measures of adding refractory oxides greatly differ among coal types due to the diversity in ash compositions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c05906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T05:09:31Z","timestamp":1616735371000},"page":"8850-8861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Influence of Ashing Temperature on Predicting Slagging\nCharacteristics of Xinjiang High-Sodium Low-Rank Coal and Strategy\nof Using Mineral Additives as Potential Slagging Preventatives"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3580-0038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100190"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2262-4853","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weijian","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100190"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-0748","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guoliang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100190"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2014.06.054","article-title":"Inhibition of lignite ash slagging\nand fouling upon the use of a silica-based additive in an industrial\npulverised coal-fired boiler. Part 1. Changes on the properties of\nash deposits along the furnace","volume":"139","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2015.01.051","article-title":"The ash deposition\nmechanism in boilers burning Zhundong coal with high contents of sodium\nand calcium: A study from ash evaporating to condensing","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2016.08.003","article-title":"Influence of sodium-based\nmaterials on the slagging characteristics of Zhundong coal","volume":"90","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Energy Inst."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2016.11.003","article-title":"Investigation\non ash deposition characteristics during Zhundong coal combustion","volume":"91","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Energy Inst."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2016.11.010","article-title":"Ash deposition\nand sodium migration behaviors during combustion of Zhundong coals\nin a drop tube furnace","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Energy Inst."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1285(95)00012-7","article-title":"Fireside\nslagging, fouling, and high-temperature corrosion of heat-transfer\nsurface due to impurities in steam-raising fuels","volume":"22","author":"Bryers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-2361(98)00077-5","article-title":"Predicting coal\nash fusion temperature with a back-propagation neural network model","volume":"77","author":"Yin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-2361(99)00031-9","article-title":"Empirical\ncorrelations of the ash fusion temperatures and temperature of critical\nviscosity for coal and biomass ashes","volume":"78","author":"Seggiani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5b02722","article-title":"Effect of sodium oxides\nin ash composition on ash fusibility","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy\nFuels"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.04.001","article-title":"Study on fusibility\nof coal ash rich in sodium and sulfur by synthetic ash under different\natmospheres","volume":"202","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit11","first-page":"2061","article-title":"Slagging characteristics\nof high alkalis Zhundong coal","volume":"48","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ.\n(Eng. Sci.)"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7701","DOI":"10.1021\/ef502141x","article-title":"Behavior of fouling\ndeposits formed on a probe with different surface temperatures","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2015.12.024","article-title":"Characterisation\nof ash deposits on a probe at different temperatures during combustion\nof a Zhundong lignite in a drop tube furnace","volume":"144","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit14","volume-title":"Ash Vaporization under\nSimulated Pulverized Coal Combustion Conditions","author":"Quann","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2015.01.011","article-title":"Release and transformation of sodium during combustion of Zhundong\ncoals","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Energy Inst."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2005.06.004","article-title":"Reactions between\nsodium and kaolin\nduring gasification of a low-rank coal","volume":"87","author":"Kosminski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fuel\nProcess. Technol."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2005.06.007","article-title":"Reactions\nbetween sodium and silica\nduring gasification of a low-rank coal","volume":"87","author":"Kosminski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fuel\nProcess. Technol."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1021\/ef2011518","article-title":"Control of agglomeration\nand defluidization during fluidized-bed combustion of south Australian\nlow-rank coals","volume":"26","author":"van\nEyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit19","first-page":"478","article-title":"Research on Zhundong coal\u2019s ash melting temperature characterizing\nits slagging characteristics","volume":"38","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. China Coal\nSoc."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.01.064","article-title":"Effect of coal blending and ashing temperature on ash\nsintering and fusion characteristics during combustion of Zhundong\nlignite","volume":"195","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.06.087","article-title":"Investigation\non the fusion characterization and melting kinetics of ashes from\nco-firing of anthracite and pine sawdust","volume":"145","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renewable\nEnergy"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2009.12.015","article-title":"Geochemistry\nand mineralogy of coal in the recently explored Zhundong large coal\nfield in the Junggar basin, Xinjiang province, China","volume":"82","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.6b00503","article-title":"Slagging characteristics of Zhundong\ncoal during circulating fluidized bed gasification","volume":"30","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1021\/ef900537m","article-title":"Effect of coal ash composition on\nash fusion temperatures","volume":"24","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1021\/ef800974d","article-title":"Prediction of Chinese coal ash fusion temperatures\nin Ar and H2 atmospheres","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy\nFuels"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7816","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5b01711","article-title":"Exploration\nof slagging behaviors during multistage\nconversion fluidized-bed (MFB) gasification of low-rank coals","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/apj.36","article-title":"Mineral conversion\nand microstructure change in the melting process of Shenmu coal ash","volume":"2","author":"Jianguo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2015.01.147","article-title":"Transformation\nof sodium during the\nashing of Zhundong coal","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.117646","article-title":"Migration\nand transformation behaviours of ash residues from a typical fixed-bed\ngasification station for biomass syngas production in China","volume":"201","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13627","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.7b03288","article-title":"Investigation\nof corrosion characteristics of high-sodium high-chlorine lignite\nduring circulating fluidized bed combustion","volume":"31","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2007.01.008","article-title":"Some recent\nadvances in the understanding of the pyrolysis and gasification behaviour\nof Victorian brown coal","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2006.07.170","article-title":"Emission control of\nsodium compounds and their formation\nmechanisms during coal combustion","volume":"31","author":"Takuwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Combust.\nInst."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2012.08.010","article-title":"Release of\nalkali metal, sulphur, and chlorine species\nfrom high temperature gasification of high- and low-rank coals","volume":"106","author":"Bla\u0308sing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2015.01.020","article-title":"Sulfur behavior\nduring coal combustion in oxy-fuel\ncirculating fluidized bed condition by using TG-FTIR","volume":"89","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Energy Inst."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2015.09.003","article-title":"Ash-related\nissues during biomass combustion: Alkali-induced\nslagging, silicate melt-induced slagging (ash fusion), agglomeration,\ncorrosion, ash utilization, and related countermeasures","volume":"52","author":"Niu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13239","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.7b02053","article-title":"Slagging and fouling characteristics of Zhundong high-sodium low-rank\ncoal during circulating fluidized bed utilization","volume":"31","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2014.11.067","article-title":"Fine particulate formation and ash\ndeposition during pulverized coal combustion of high-sodium lignite\nin a down-fired furnace","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.05.135","article-title":"Effect of chemical\ncomposition on the fusion behaviour of synthetic high-iron coal ash","volume":"253","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.115829","article-title":"Evaluation\nof the fusion and agglomeration properties of ashes from combustion\nof biomass, coal and their mixtures and the effects of K2CO3 additives","volume":"255","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11361","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c00320","article-title":"Investigating the Effect\nof Flux on Ash Fusibility of High-Calcium Coal","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.12.126","article-title":"Exploration\nof effective bed material for use as slagging\/agglomeration preventatives\nin circulating fluidized bed gasification of high-sodium lignite","volume":"217","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081414120606600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.02.072","article-title":"Effect of silicon\u2013aluminum\nadditives on ash fusion and ash\nmineral conversion of Xinjiang high-sodium coal","volume":"181","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c05906","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/6\/13\/8850\/13095772\/ao0c05906.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/6\/13\/8850\/13095772\/ao0c05906.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:26:01Z","timestamp":1786731961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/6\/13\/8850\/490324\/Influence-of-Ashing-Temperature-on-Predicting"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c05906","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]}}}