{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:28:01Z","timestamp":1786980481153,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-16-C-0044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-16-C-0044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"BU Precision Diagnostics Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Progesterone monitoring is an essential component of in vitro fertilization treatments and reproductive management of dairy cows. Gold-standard biosensors for progesterone monitoring rely on antibodies, which are expensive and difficult to procure. We have developed an alternative transcription factor-based sensor that is superior to conventional progesterone biosensors. Here, we incorporate this transcription factor-based progesterone sensor into an affordable, portable paperfluidic format to facilitate widespread implementation of progesterone monitoring at the point of care. Oligonucleotides labeled with a fluorescent dye are immobilized onto nitrocellulose via a biotin\u2013streptavidin interaction. In the absence of progesterone, these oligonucleotides form a complex with a transcription factor that is fluorescently labeled with tdTomato. In the presence of progesterone, the fluorescent transcription factor unbinds from the immobilized DNA, resulting in a decrease in tdTomato fluorescence. The limit of detection of our system is 27 nm, which is a clinically relevant level of progesterone. We demonstrate that transcription factor-based sensors can be incorporated into paperfluidic devices, thereby making them accessible to a broader population due to the portability and affordability of paper-based devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c05737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T12:43:50Z","timestamp":1644237830000},"page":"5804-5808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Paper-Based Progesterone Sensor Using an Allosteric\nTranscription Factor"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8553-5340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marjon","family":"Zamani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University , , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Dupaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University , , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. C.","family":"Baer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University , , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uros","family":"Kuzmanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University , , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University , , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5453-3668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark W.","family":"Grinstaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University , , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Galagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University , , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-849X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Klapperich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University , , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.8b00592","article-title":"Guide to Selecting a Biorecognition Element for Biosensors","volume":"29","author":"Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau4602","article-title":"Harnessing a Previously Unidentified\nCapability of Bacterial Allosteric Transcription Factors for Sensing\nDiverse Small Molecules in Vitro","volume":"4","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14942-5","article-title":"A Progesterone Biosensor\nDerived from Microbial Screening","volume":"11","author":"Grazon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10439","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b02451","article-title":"Sensitive Detection\nof Transcription Factor in Nuclear Extracts by Target-Actuated Isothermal\nAmplification-Mediated Fluorescence Enhancement","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8952","DOI":"10.1039\/d0cc03134h","article-title":"Development of a\nBidirectional Isothermal Amplification\nStrategy for the Sensitive Detection of Transcription Factors in Cancer\nCells","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4739","DOI":"10.1039\/c5cc09891b","article-title":"Recent Advances in Transcription\nFactor Assays in Vitro","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907522","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201907522","article-title":"A Fo\u0308rster\nResonance Energy Transfer-Based Ratiometric Sensor with the Allosteric\nTranscription Factor TetR","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000403","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000403","article-title":"Surface\nImmobilized Nucleic Acid\u2013Transcription Factor Quantum Dots\nfor Biosensing","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43513","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c13489","article-title":"Hydrogel-Embedded\nQuantum Dot\u2013transcription Factor Sensors for Quantitative Progesterone\nDetection","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43513","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c13489","article-title":"Hydrogel-Embedded\nQuantum Dot\u2013transcription Factor Sensors for Quantitative Progesterone\nDetection","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000403","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000403","article-title":"Surface\nImmobilized Nucleic Acid\u2013Transcription Factor Quantum Dots\nfor Biosensing","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2017-0080","article-title":"Paper-Based Point-of-Care Testing in Disease Diagnostics","volume":"9","author":"Syedmoradi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030554","article-title":"Designing\nPaper-Based Immunoassays for Biomedical Applications","volume":"19","author":"Hristov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1021\/ac100341n","article-title":"Paper Diagnostic\nfor Instantaneous Blood Typing","volume":"82","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit15","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Urinalysis: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"71","author":"Simerville","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04743","article-title":"Pressed\nPaper-Based Dipstick for\nDetection of Foodborne Pathogens with Multistep Reactions","volume":"88","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603221","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1603221","article-title":"A Modular\nYeast Biosensor for Low-Cost\nPoint-of-Care Pathogen Detection","volume":"3","author":"Ostrov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit18","first-page":"415","article-title":"Comparison of ELISA and Three Rapid\nHCG Dipsticks in Diagnosis of Premature Rupture of Membranes","volume":"13","author":"Kariman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180323","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/180323","article-title":"Rapid and Sensitive PCR-Dipstick DNA Chromatography\nfor Multiplex Analysis of the Oral Microbiota","volume":"2014","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-088504-9.00322-6","article-title":"Biosensors for\nFoodborne Pathogen Detection","volume-title":"Comprehensive\nBiotechnology","author":"Warriner","year":"2011","edition":"2"},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit21","first-page":"66","article-title":"Use of Progestagens during Early\nPregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Dante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Facts Views & vision in ObGyn"},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41499-1","article-title":"Progesterone Elevation on the Day\nof HCG Trigger Has Detrimental\nEffect on Live Birth Rate in Low and Intermediate Ovarian Responders,\nbut Not in High Responders","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185020","article-title":"Dynamic Changes\nin Progesterone Concentration in Cows\u2019 Milk Determined by the\nat-Line Milk Analysis System Herd Navigatortm","volume":"20","author":"Antanaitis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit24","unstructured":"Baer, R. C.\n          \n          Discovery,\nCharacterization, and Ligand Specificity Engineering of a Novel Bacterial\nTranscription Factor Inducible by Progesterone. Ph.D.\nThesis, Boston University, 2020."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit25","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Limit of Blank, Limit\nof Detection and Limit of Quantitation","volume":"29","author":"Armbruster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin.\nBiochem. Rev."},{"key":"2026081710200395800_cit26","first-page":"1445","volume-title":"In Davis\u2019s\nComprehensive Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests with Nursing\nImplications","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.1c05737","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/7\/7\/5804\/3663143\/ao1c05737.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/7\/7\/5804\/3663143\/ao1c05737.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:00:53Z","timestamp":1786978853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/7\/7\/5804\/380786\/Paper-Based-Progesterone-Sensor-Using-an"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.1c05737","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]}}}