{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:29:41Z","timestamp":1786980581981,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020CFB777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020CFB777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The food hygiene problems caused by bacterial biofilms in food processing equipment are directly related to human life safety and health. Therefore, it is of great strategic significance to study new food sterilization technology. An acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) disinfectant is an electrochemical sterilization technology which has the characteristics of wide adaptability, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. However, since the sterilization efficiency of AEW for biofilms is not ideal, it is necessary to increase the available chlorine content (ACC) in AEW. A feasible method to increase the ACC is by increasing the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) selectivity of the electrode for AEW preparation. In this paper, the RuO2@TiO2 electrode was prepared by thermal decomposition combined with high-vacuum magnetron sputtering. Compared with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of an ordinary RuO2 electrode, the OER activity of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is significantly reduced. However, the CER activity of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is close to the OER activity of RuO2. The CER mechanism of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is the second electron transfer, and the OER mechanism is the formation and transformation of OHads. The potential difference between the CER and OER of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is 174 mV, which is 65 mV higher than that of the RuO2 electrode, so the selectivity of the CER of the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is remarkably improved. During the preparation of AEW, the ACC obtained with the RuO2@TiO2 electrode is 1.7 times that obtained with the RuO2 electrode. In the sterilization experiments on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis biofilms, the logarithmic killing values of AEW prepared the by RuO2@TiO2 electrode are higher than those of AEW prepared by the RuO2 electrode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T10:54:45Z","timestamp":1656240885000},"page":"23170-23178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Preparation of Acidic Electrolyzed Water by a RuO2@TiO2 Electrode with High Selectivity for Chlorine\nEvolution and Its Sterilization Effect"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"De","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianli","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. 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China, 430023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hucheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2249-9490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhandong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. R. China, 430023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9935-5255","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuchan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, P. 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Sonochem."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.109898","article-title":"Effect of slightly\nacidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and ultraviolet light illumination\npretreatment on microflora inactivation of coriander","volume":"132","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109488","article-title":"Inactivation\nof Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from\nthe surface of alfalfa seeds and sprouts by combined antimicrobial\ntreatments using ozone and electrolyzed water","volume":"136","author":"Mohammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2018.01.073","article-title":"The applicability\nof Weibull model for the kinetics inactivation\nof Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on soybean\nsprouts submitted to chemical sanitizers in combination with ultrasound\nat mild temperatures","volume":"91","author":"Ngnitcho","year":"2018","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2019.106820","article-title":"Combined effect of\nslightly acidic electrolyzed water and ascorbic acid to improve quality\nof whole chilled freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)","volume":"108","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111565","article-title":"Slightly acidic\nelectrolyzed water combination with antioxidants and fumaric acid\ntreatment to maintain the quality of fresh-cut bell peppers","volume":"147","author":"Saravanakumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13741","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cp00896k","article-title":"On the faradaic selectivity\nand the role of surface inhomogeneity during the chlorine evolution\nreaction on ternary Ti\u2013Ru\u2013Ir mixed metal oxide electrocatalysts","volume":"16","author":"Zeradjanin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12143","DOI":"10.1039\/c8nj01076e","article-title":"Effect of electrode material and\nelectrolysis process on the preparation of electrolyzed oxidizing\nwater","volume":"42","author":"Ming","year":"2018","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11032","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201406112","article-title":"Controlling selectivity\nin the chlorine evolution reaction over RuO2-based catalysts","volume":"53","author":"Exner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.09.056","article-title":"Ti atoms\nin Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 mixed oxides form\nactive and selective sites for electrochemical chlorine evolution","volume":"146","author":"Karlsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.08.101","article-title":"The\nelectrocatalytic properties of\ndoped TiO2","volume":"180","author":"Karlsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7501","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201511804","article-title":"Full kinetics from\nfirst principles of the chlorine evolution reaction over a RuO2(110) model electrode","volume":"55","author":"Exner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew. Chem.,\nInt. Ed."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1039\/b917459a","article-title":"Electrochemical\nchlorine evolution\nat rutile oxide (110) surfaces","volume":"12","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Chem.\nChem. Phys."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s10800-013-0570-1","article-title":"Sn and Sb co-doped\nRuTi oxides supported on TiO2 nanotubes\nanode for selectivity toward electrocatalytic chlorine evolution","volume":"43","author":"Xiong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Electrochem."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H23","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0541501jes","article-title":"Selective Chlorine\nEvolution Catalysts Based on Mg-Doped Nanoparticulate\nRuthenium Dioxide","volume":"162","author":"Abbott","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s12678-014-0233-y","article-title":"Selectivity\nof Nanocrystalline\nIrO2-Based Catalysts in Parallel Chlorine and Oxygen Evolution","volume":"6","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electrocatalysis"},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8778","DOI":"10.1039\/c4ra14671a","article-title":"The electrocatalytic\nactivity of\nIrO2\u2013Ta2O5 anode materials\nand electrolyzed oxidizing water preparation and sterilization effect","volume":"5","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2018.11.047","article-title":"Preparation of electrolyzed oxidizing\nwater by TiO2 doped IrO2-Ta2O5 electrode with high selectivity and stability for chlorine\nevolution","volume":"832","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1039\/c8ee02351d","article-title":"Enhancing the activity\nof oxygen-evolution and chlorine-evolution electrocatalysts by atomic\nlayer deposition of TiO2","volume":"12","author":"Finke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy\nEnviron. Sci."},{"key":"2026081710133886500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2005.09.050","article-title":"Oxygen and chlorine\nevolution on RuO2+TiO2+CeO2+Nb2O5 mixed oxide electrodes","volume":"51","author":"Santana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c01077","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/7\/27\/23170\/3642503\/ao2c01077.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/7\/27\/23170\/3642503\/ao2c01077.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:11:55Z","timestamp":1786979515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/7\/27\/23170\/379198\/Preparation-of-Acidic-Electrolyzed-Water-by-a-RuO2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"27","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c01077","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]}}}