{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:36:25Z","timestamp":1786977385056,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P 32379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P 32379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas at high concentrations but has recently attracted attention as a naturally produced gaseous signaling molecule in various tissues of the human body, playing key physiological roles at low nanomolar concentrations. This has wide implications for chronic exposure to this gas in air at low levels far below toxicity. Thiosulfate is the currently used biomarker for exposure to hydrogen sulfide via inhalation but has been mainly employed for acute exposure. It is unknown how background thiosulfate concentrations vary on an intraindividual and interindividual basis in humans at normal ambient hydrogen sulfide levels (&amp;lt;1 \u03bcg m\u20133), which is key for the interpretation of its levels as biomarker for low-level hydrogen sulfide exposure. In the current work, the variability in thiosulfate urinary excretion in a total of 168 urine samples collected from eight volunteers over a period of 8 weeks was investigated. The determination of thiosulfate in urine was carried out by UHPLC-MS\/MS. The total average concentration \u00b1 SD was 16 \u00b1 6 \u03bcM (n = 168). Average urinary thiosulfate concentrations in the studied volunteers were within the range of 10\u201320 \u03bcM, but it was found that urinary thiosulfate can show significant day-to-day and week-to-week variability in some individuals (up to 10-fold), despite adjusting for urine specific gravity. In light of the presented variability data and previous studies about the lack of consistent response of thiosulfate to low levels of hydrogen sulfide inhalation exposure, and based on a review of the biochemistry of the production of thiosulfate and its various biological sources, it can be argued that thiosulfate might not be suitable as a biomarker for chronic environmental exposure to low levels of hydrogen sulfide via inhalation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c04112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T15:03:52Z","timestamp":1666191832000},"page":"38622-38626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Variability in\nBackground Urinary Concentrations of\nthe Hydrogen Sulfide Biomarker Thiosulfate"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7501-0014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bassam","family":"Lajin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Graz , , Universitaetsplatz 1 , ,","place":["Graz, Austria, 8010"]},{"name":"University of Graz , , Universitaetsplatz 1 , ,","place":["Graz, Austria, 8010"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026081709204321800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10872-z","article-title":"Anoxygenic\nphotosynthesis and the delayed oxygenation of Earth\u2019s atmosphere","volume":"10","author":"Ozaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.76749","article-title":"The life evolution on the sulfur\ncycle: from ancient elemental sulfur reduction and sulfide oxidation\nto the contemporary thiol-redox challenges. Glutathione in health\nand disease. Pinar Erkekoglu and Belma Kocer-Gumusel, IntechOpen,\nHyattsville","volume-title":"Glutathione in Health and\nDisease","author":"Burini","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081709204321800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00024.2015","article-title":"The role of hydrogen sulfide in evolution and the evolution\nof hydrogen sulfide in metabolism and signaling","volume":"31","author":"Olson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081709204321800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00342-8","article-title":"The mass\nbudgets of carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and\nhydrogen sulfide","volume":"34","author":"Watts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ. (1994)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081709204321800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1892","article-title":"The ecology and biotechnology of sulphate-reducing\nbacteria","volume":"6","author":"Muyzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081709204321800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11497","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-11497-2016","article-title":"A global\ncatalogue\nof large SO 2 sources and emissions derived from the Ozone Monitoring\nInstrument","volume":"16","author":"Fioletov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081709204321800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"014003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/8\/1\/014003","article-title":"The last decade of global anthropogenic\nsulfur dioxide: 2000\u20132011 emissions","volume":"8","author":"Klimont","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit8","volume-title":"2011\nToxics Release Inventory National Analysis Overview","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100505","article-title":"Hydrogen\nsulfide and cell signaling","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.\nToxicol."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.10.037","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide\nin signaling pathways","volume":"439","author":"Olas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081709204321800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1479","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90566.2008","article-title":"Whole tissue\nhydrogen sulfide concentrations\nare orders of magnitude lower than presently accepted values","volume":"295","author":"Furne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081709204321800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4310","article-title":"High turnover rates for hydrogen\nsulfide allow for rapid regulation of its tissue concentrations","volume":"17","author":"Vitvitsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081709204321800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/10773525.2016.1145881","article-title":"Effect of environmental\nexposure to hydrogen sulfide on central nervous system and respiratory\nfunction: a systematic review of human studies","volume":"22","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140818","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide\nand cardiovascular disease: Doubts, clues, and interpretation difficulties\nfrom studies in geothermal areas","volume":"743","author":"Gorini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total\nEnviron."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geothermics.2020.101915","article-title":"Direct utilization\nof geothermal energy 2020 worldwide\nreview","volume":"90","author":"Lund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geothermics"},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.10.013","article-title":"Spatial distribution of hydrogen\nsulfide from two geothermal power plants in complex terrain","volume":"82","author":"Olafsdottir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ. (1994)"},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.084","article-title":"Modelling of hydrogen\nsulfide dispersion\nfrom the geothermal power plants of Tuscany (Italy)","volume":"583","author":"Somma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081709204321800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2020.08.015","article-title":"Monitoring\nof hydrogen sulfide concentration in the atmosphere near two geothermal\npower plants of Turkey","volume":"11","author":"Dumanoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135998","article-title":"The health of communities living\nin proximity of geothermal plants generating heat and electricity:\na review","volume":"706","author":"Bustaffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429049514-5","article-title":"Health and\nsafety impacts of renewable, geothermal, and fusion energy","volume-title":"Health Risks of Energy Technologies","author":"Holdren","year":"2021"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081709204321800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2008.06482.x","article-title":"Three enzymatic\nactivities catalyze the oxidation of\nsulfide to thiosulfate in mammalian and invertebrate mitochondria","volume":"275","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081709204321800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050071","article-title":"The usefulness\nof thiosulfate as an indicator of hydrogen sulfide poisoning: three\ncases","volume":"110","author":"Kage","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110525","article-title":"Fatal poisoning of\nfour workers in a farm: Distribution of hydrogen sulfide and thiosulfate\nin 10 different biological matrices","volume":"316","author":"Moretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic\nSci. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081709204321800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2001216","article-title":"Fatal and\nnonfatal poisoning by hydrogen sulfide at an industrial waste site","volume":"47","author":"Kage","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081709204321800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-007-0033-7","article-title":"Thiosulfate\nin human urine following minor exposure\nto hydrogen sulfide: implications for forensic analysis of poisoning","volume":"25","author":"Durand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2016.06.008","article-title":"Investigating\nthe intra-individual variability in the human metabolic profile of\nurinary selenium","volume":"37","author":"Lajin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2022.123198","article-title":"Rapid determination of hydrogen sulfide-related\nmetabolites in human urine by UHPLC-ESI-MS\/MS with fluorinated ion-pairing\nreagents","volume":"1196","author":"Lajin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol.\nBiomed. Life Sci."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026081709204321800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10121","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c02138","article-title":"Fluoroalkylamines: Novel, Highly Volatile, Fast-Equilibrating,\nand Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Signal-Enhancing Cationic\nIon-Interaction Reagents","volume":"92","author":"Lajin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. 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Chim.\nActa"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081709204321800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0445-2","article-title":"Luminal sulfide and large intestine mucosa: friend\nor foe?","volume":"39","author":"Blachier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"6220","key":"2026081709204321800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260419","article-title":"Tissue-based map of the\nhuman proteome","volume":"347","author":"Uhle\u0301n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081709204321800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(01)00657-8","article-title":"Oxidation\nof hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol to thiosulfate by rat tissues:\na specialized function of the colonic mucosa","volume":"62","author":"Furne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026081709204321800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2016.12.004","article-title":"Liquid chromatography-tandem\nmass spectrometry method\nfor the determination of thiosulfate in human blood and urine as an\nindicator of hydrogen sulfide poisoning","volume":"24","author":"Maseda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leg.\nMed. (Tokyo)"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c04112","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/7\/43\/38622\/4182291\/ao2c04112.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/7\/43\/38622\/4182291\/ao2c04112.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:24:12Z","timestamp":1786973052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/7\/43\/38622\/414025\/Variability-in-Background-Urinary-Concentrations"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"43","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c04112","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]}}}