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X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) validated the nZVI nanoparticles\u2019 chemical composition, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that their physical form is round and oval. The exposure to 10 g\/mL of nZVI induced the activation of the cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Dose-dependent testing of O. mossambicus had a reduction in SOD and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, suggesting that nZVI caused oxidative damage. At a concentration of 100 g\/mL, the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities of diverse tissues exhibited a gradual decrease after 2 days of exposure and a fast increase until day 6. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the epidermis, liver, and gills of O. mossambicus deteriorated and accumulated gradually. MDA levels in the skin, gill, and liver tissues were substantially higher after 8 days of exposure to 100 and 200 g\/mL nZVI compared to those of the control group and those exposed to 10 and 50 g\/mL nZVI for 2 days. Extreme histological and morphological abnormalities were seen in the skin, gill, and liver tissues of experimental animals, demonstrating that the damage resulted from direct contact with nZVI in water. A one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett\u2019s post-test was performed to investigate significant differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c05696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T13:07:28Z","timestamp":1670850448000},"page":"47869-47879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["RETRACTED: Toxicity of Nanoscaled Zero-Valent Iron\nParticles on Tilapia,\n                    <i>Oreochromis mossambicus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Arivarasan Vishnu","family":"Kirthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lovely Professional University , , , ,","place":["Phagwara, Punjab, India, 144411"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lovely Professional University , , , ,","place":["Phagwara, Punjab, India, 144411"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graphic Era (Deemed to be University) , , , ,","place":["Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 248002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manu","family":"Pant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graphic Era (Deemed to be University) , , , ,","place":["Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, 248002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3903-6161","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaizar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calcutta , , 92, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rd , Bhowanipore, , ,","place":["Kolkata, West Bengal, India, 700026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4912-287X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akil","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University , , ,","place":["Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, 11942"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed B.","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University , , ,","place":["Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, 11942"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101615062970600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crte.2011.01.001","article-title":"Manufactured metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles: Properties\nand perturbing mechanisms of their biological activity in ecosystems","volume":"343","author":"Bottero","year":"2011","journal-title":"C. 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