{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:24:15Z","timestamp":1793651055533,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The development of highly efficient and low-toxicity anticancer drugs is one of the most critical problems in the medical field. Euphorbia grantii is commonly reported as an antiviral plant; a dilute solution of its latex is used for intestinal worms and to promote blood clotting and tissue healing. Our study evaluated the antiproliferative activity of the total extract, its respective fractions, and the isolated compounds from E. grantii aerial parts. A phytochemical study was done by several chromatographic methods, and the cytotoxic activity was assessed using the sulforhodamine B assay. The dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MCF-7ADR), with an IC50 of 10.31 and 10.41 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. Chromatographic purification of the active fraction revealed the isolation of eight compounds. Among the isolated compounds, euphylbenzoate (EB) exhibited a promising effect with an IC50 of 6.07 and 6.54 \u03bcM against MCF-7 and MCF-7ADR, respectively, while other compounds showed no activity. Euphol, cycloartenyl acetate, cycloartenol, and epifriedelinyl acetate showed moderate activity (33.27\u201340.44 \u03bcM). Euphylbenzoate has smartly tackled both apoptosis and autophagy programmed cell death mechanisms. These results demonstrated that E. grantii aerial parts yield active compounds with significant antiproliferative potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c02091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T08:04:31Z","timestamp":1684137871000},"page":"18299-18305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Cytotoxic Study of\n                    <i>Euphorbia grantii<\/i>\n                    Oliv. Aerial Parts against MCF\u20117\nand MCF\u20117ADR Breast Cancer Cell Lines: A Bioactivity-Guided\nIsolation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mai Hussin","family":"Radi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) , , ,","place":["Giza, Egypt, 12511"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3179-3352","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Riham A.","family":"El-Shiekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairo University , , Kasr El-Aini Street , ,","place":["Cairo, Egypt, 11562"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5864-1674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali M.","family":"El-Halawany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairo University , , Kasr El-Aini Street , ,","place":["Cairo, Egypt, 11562"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-4867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Al-Abd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre , , Dokki, ,","place":["Cairo, Egypt, 12622"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0617-1420","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Essam","family":"Abdel-Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairo University , , Kasr El-Aini Street , ,","place":["Cairo, Egypt, 11562"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and\nmortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA, Cancer J. 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Toxicol."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit5","volume-title":"The Family\nEuphorbiaceae in India: A Synopsis of Its Profile, Taxonomy and Bibliography","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-969786","article-title":"Plant antiviral\nagents; VI. 1 3-Methoxyflavones as potent inhibitors of viral-induced\nblock of cell synthesis","volume":"50","author":"Van\nHoof","year":"1984","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.06.004","article-title":"The value of central-African traditional\nmedicine for lead finding:\nsome case studies","volume":"174","author":"Vlietinck","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit8a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.139746","article-title":"Review on\nanti-tumor\neffect of triterpene acid compounds","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cancer\nRes. Ther."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit8b","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bfopcu.2013.08.003","article-title":"Synthesis\nand antitumor activity of certain 2,3,6-trisubstituted quinazolin-4\n(3H)-one derivatives","volume":"51","author":"Abbas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bulletin of Faculty of\nPharmacy, Cairo University"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081708212837900_cit8c","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bfopcu.2016.08.001","article-title":"Chemical\nconstituents from Gazania linearis cultivated in Egypt","volume":"54","author":"Elkhayat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University"},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.114004","article-title":"Application of the dual-tail approach\nfor the design and synthesis of novel Thiopyrimidine\u2013Benzenesulfonamide\nhybrids as selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors","volume":"228","author":"Abdel-Mohsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05410","article-title":"Cytotoxic\nactivity of acyl phloroglucinols isolated\nfrom the leaves of Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. cultivated\nin Egypt","volume":"4","author":"Soliman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25020426","article-title":"Thymoquinone enhances paclitaxel anti-breast cancer\nactivity via inhibiting tumor-associated stem cells despite apparent\nmathematical antagonism","volume":"25","author":"Bashmail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8579","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400541j","article-title":"Euphorbia diterpenes: isolation,\nstructure, biological\nactivity, and synthesis (2008\u20132012)","volume":"114","author":"Vasas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1368300","article-title":"Chemical\nand pharmacological investigation of the stem\nbark of Synadenium grantii","volume":"80","author":"Munhoz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit14","volume-title":"Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today","author":"Ferlay","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20011610","article-title":"Triterpenes as potentially cytotoxic\ncompounds","volume":"20","author":"Chudzik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04970-w","article-title":"Cytotoxicity\nand apoptosis induction\nin breast cancer, skin cancer and glioblastoma cells by plant extracts","volume":"46","author":"Rezadoost","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2021.e01002","article-title":"In vitro\ncytotoxic effects of chemical constituents of Euphorbia grandicornis\nBlanc against breast cancer cells","volume":"14","author":"Magozwi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Afr."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5923\/j.chemistry.20110102.11","article-title":"Antimycobacterial\nfriedelane-terpenoid from the root\nbark of Terminalia avicennioides","volume":"1","author":"Mann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Chem."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02975113","article-title":"Pentacyclic triterpenoids\nfromMallotus apelta","volume":"27","author":"Kiem","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2015.02.013","article-title":"Crystal structure and antibacterial\nevaluation of epifriedelinol isolated from Vitex peduncularis Wall.\nex Schauer","volume":"12","author":"Kannathasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.31254\/phyto.2016.5302","article-title":"Isolation and identification of euphol\nand \u03b2-sitosterol\nfrom the dichloromethane extracts of Synadenium glaucescens","volume":"5","author":"Nyigo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phytopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)82286-4","article-title":"Triterpenes\nfrom Euphorbia broteri","volume":"26","author":"De","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3044","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(90)87137-J","article-title":"A friedelane\ntriol from the roots\nof Pristimera grahamii","volume":"29","author":"Sukumar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35077","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c03963","article-title":"Tris nor-Euphane-Type\nTriterpenoid and Other Constituents Isolated from Euphorbia tanquahuete\nSesse\u0301 & Moc.: Preparation and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Semisynthetic\nDerivatives of Euphol","volume":"7","author":"Romero-Mora\u0301n","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.01.030","article-title":"New xanthones\nand cytotoxic constituents from Garcinia mangostana fruit hulls against\nhuman hepatocellular, breast, and colorectal cancer cell lines","volume":"198","author":"Mohamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-008-0217-9","article-title":"MCF-7 breast\ncarcinoma cells do not express caspase-3","volume":"117","author":"Ja\u0308nicke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breast\nCancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9349","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1597","article-title":"Autophagy in cancer: good, bad, or\nboth?","volume":"66","author":"Hippert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30046-z","article-title":"Thymoquinone synergizes\ngemcitabine\nanti-breast cancer activity via modulating its apoptotic and autophagic\nactivities","volume":"8","author":"Bashmail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.10.034","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of autophagy","volume":"14","author":"Towers","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit30","first-page":"242","article-title":"Quinone-method triterpenes from tissue cultures of catha edulis","volume":"6","author":"Abdel\nSattar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"2026081708212837900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030760","article-title":"Anticancer\nactivities of the quinone-methide triterpenes maytenin and 22-\u03b2-hydroxymaytenin\nobtained from cultivated Maytenus ilicifolia roots associated with\ndown-regulation of miRNA-27a and miR-20a\/miR-17-5p","volume":"25","author":"Hernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c02091","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/8\/20\/18299\/4078875\/ao3c02091.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/8\/20\/18299\/4078875\/ao3c02091.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:34:37Z","timestamp":1786970077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/8\/20\/18299\/407441\/In-Vitro-Cytotoxic-Study-of-Euphorbia-grantii-Oliv"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c02091","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]}}}