{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:24:29Z","timestamp":1790202269598,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP2023R42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R42"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alternative energy sources, such as biodiesel, play a vital role in environmental protection. Waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel has promising applications in compression ignition engines. A major problem regarding biodiesel implementation is the deterioration and materials incompatibility of existing fuel system components with biodiesel. Variations in the composition of fuel prompted by the inclusion of biodiesel cause a variety of issues in diesel engine fuel systems where the elastomer is generally utilized as the fuel hose material and sealings. In this experimental work, the effects of the diesel and WCO biodiesel blends (B8, B16, B24, and B100) on Buna-N, ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), and polystyrene (PS) were examined by the immersion test, which was conducted for 160 h at various immersion temperatures of 30, 60, and 80 \u00b0C, respectively. The study also showed that the use of elastomer materials like Buna-N, EPR, and PS in diesel engines fueled up to 20% WCO biodiesel blends is advantageous; the overall compatibility improves by 100% compared to that obtained using neat diesel. The outcome revealed remarkable behavior changes, including a minor increase in volume and a slight loss in tensile strength and hardness compared to that observed using neat diesel fuel. The expansion of rubber materials increases over 60 \u00b0C, although the rate of this process decreases above 80 \u00b0C. It has been found that the expansion of rubber materials is unaffected by the acid concentration of the WCO biodiesel blends but significantly affected by the moisture content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T14:54:10Z","timestamp":1706799250000},"page":"6709-6718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Compatibility Effects of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel\nBlend on Fuel System Elastomers in Compression Ignition Engines"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7536-8200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elumalai Perumal","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aditya Engineering College , , ,","place":["Surampalem, India, 533437"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7911-0437","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ravi","family":"Krishnaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIT University , , ,","place":["Vellore, India, 632014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalapala","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCEK, JNTUK , , ,","place":["Kakinada, India, 533003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreenivasa Reddy","family":"Medapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aditya Engineering College , , ,","place":["Surampalem, India, 533437"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sripada Rama","family":"Sree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aditya Engineering College , , ,","place":["Surampalem, India, 533437"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University , , P.O. Box 800, ,","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11421"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sher Afghan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Islamic University , , , ,","place":["Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia, 53100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanoil","family":"Linul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politehnica University Timisoara , , ,","place":["Timisoara, Romania, 300222"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2021.114026","article-title":"Experimental investigation of strategies to enhance\nthe homogeneous charge compression ignition engine characteristics\npowered by waste plastic oil","volume":"236","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Convers.\nManage."},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1080\/15435075.2021.1904947","article-title":"Effect of\nCerium Oxide Nanoparticles to Improve the\nCombustion Characteristics of Palm Oil Nano Water Emulsion using Low\nHeat Rejection Engine","volume":"18","author":"Elumalai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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Anal.\nCalorim."},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-021-10825-z","article-title":"Evaluation of water emulsion in biodiesel for engine performance\nand emission characteristics","volume":"147","author":"Elumalai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal.\nCalorim."},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-018-7948-6","article-title":"Effects of thermal barrier coating\non the performance, combustion and emission of DI diesel engine powered\nby biofuel oil-water emulsion","volume":"137","author":"Elumalai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Therm. 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Eng."},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.119948","article-title":"Influence of fish\noil and waste cooking oil as post mixed binary biodiesel blends on\nperformance improvement and emission reduction in diesel engine","volume":"289","author":"Nayak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.129914","article-title":"Predicting the performance and emissions\nof an HCCI-DI engine powered by waste cooking oil biodiesel with Al\n2 O 3 and FeCl 3 nano additives and gasoline injection - A random\nforest machine learning approach","volume":"357","author":"Lionus\nLeo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.119942","article-title":"Wastes to\nenergy: Improving the poor properties of waste tire pyrolysis oil\nwith waste cooking oil methyl ester and waste fusel alcohol\ue5f8A\ndetailed assessment on the combustion, emission, and performance characteristics\nof a CI engine","volume":"222","author":"Ag\u0306bulut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.120019","article-title":"Effect of oil blends\nderived from catalytic pyrolysis of waste cooking oil on diesel engine\nperformance, emissions and combustion characteristics","volume":"223","author":"Gad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133323","article-title":"Prediction of emissions and performance of a diesel\nengine fueled with waste cooking oil and C8 oxygenate blends using\nresponse surface methodology","volume":"371","author":"Ali\nS","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4271\/03-15-01-0002","article-title":"Assessment\nof Tribological Characteristics of Low-Sulfur and Ultralow-Sulfur\nDiesel under Practical Load and Temperature Scenarios","volume":"15","author":"Anil","year":"2021","journal-title":"SAE Int. J. Engines"},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2008.02.009","article-title":"Testing palm biodiesel\nand NPAA additives to control\nNOx and CO while improving efficiency in diesel engines","volume":"32","author":"Kalam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.21272\/jes.2018.5(2).g1","article-title":"Characterization\nand Degradation of Viton Fuel Hose Exposed to Blended Diesel and Waste\nCooking Oil Biodiesel","volume":"5","author":"Samuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2021.107116","article-title":"Swelling of rubber in blends of diesel and cottonseed\noil biodiesel","volume":"96","author":"Kittur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. 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Energy Technol. Assess."},{"key":"2026081709190215300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.124303","article-title":"Multi-Objective Optimization of Diesel Engine Performance\nand Emission Using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm","volume":"323","author":"Veza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c07871","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/9\/6\/6709\/4434578\/ao3c07871.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/9\/6\/6709\/4434578\/ao3c07871.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:24:43Z","timestamp":1786973083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/9\/6\/6709\/432601\/Compatibility-Effects-of-Waste-Cooking-Oil"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c07871","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}}}