{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:04:42Z","timestamp":1791828282272,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSPD2024R734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present study describes the development and validation of a simple and rapid HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of exemestane and thymoquinone. The separation of both compounds was performed on a 5 \u03bc C-18 column utilizing phase A as water\/methanol (45:5 v\/v) and phase B as acetonitrile (50 v\/v) (total ratio of A\/B = 40:60 v\/v) in isocratic elution mode as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL\/min. Further, the Box\u2013Behnken design was used for optimizing the analytical method. The proposed method was validated for various parameters, and all parameters were found to be within an acceptable range. The simultaneous detection of both drugs was monitored at 243 nm with a retention time of 5.73 and 6.93 min, respectively. Moreover, the forced degradation studies were conducted under various stress conditions, and the relevance of the validated RP-HPLC method was further explored for the estimation of drugs from lipid-based nanoformulation. Taken together, the study construed the development of an efficient and robust method that could be used for the quantification of these agents in various in vitro as well as in vivo models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c08078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T07:14:23Z","timestamp":1719990863000},"page":"30120-30130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Development and\nValidation of a Robust RP-HPLC Method\nfor the Simultaneous Analysis of Exemestane and Thymoquinone and Its\nApplication to Lipid-Based Nanoformulations"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9296-5904","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Priya","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jamia Hamdard , , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8881-4276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shwetakshi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jamia Hamdard , , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2624-2115","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Annie","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity University , , , ,","place":["Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, 201301"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Kawish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jamia Hamdard , , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5821-5600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muzaffar","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University , , ,","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11451"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakilur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham , , , ,","place":["Birgmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Aqil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jamia Hamdard , , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4635-2821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kanchan","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jamia Hamdard , , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110062"]},{"name":"Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology (Pharm.) , Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II , , ,","place":["Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, 201308"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3979-6574","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasmin","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jamia Hamdard , , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"29","key":"2026081708331654000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2021-0281","article-title":"Recent Advances in\nTargeted Nanotherapeutic Approaches for Breast Cancer Management","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2022.08.010","article-title":"Current and Future Burden of Breast\nCancer: Global Statistics for 2020 and 2040","volume":"66","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109379","article-title":"Tamoxifen and Sulphoraphane\nfor the Breast Cancer Management: A Synergistic Nanomedicine Approach","volume":"132","author":"Mangla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081708331654000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2013.35347","article-title":"Cost-Effectiveness\nAnalysis Review of Exemestane in the Treatment of Primary and Advanced\nBreast Cancer","volume":"3","author":"Hashemi-Meshkini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081708331654000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.06.003","article-title":"Nanostructured Lipid\nCarriers for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement of Exemestane: Formulation\nDesign, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Studies","volume":"108","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081708331654000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn762","article-title":"Effects of\nExemestane and Tamoxifen on Bone Health within the Tamoxifen Exemestane\nAdjuvant Multicentre (TEAM) Trial: Results of a German, 12-Month,\nProspective, Randomised Substudy","volume":"20","author":"Hadji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081708331654000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-014-2821-4","article-title":"Dual Drug-Loaded\nPaclitaxel-Thymoquinone\nNanoparticles for Effective Breast Cancer Therapy","volume":"17","author":"Soni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nanoparticle Res."},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/724658","article-title":"Therapeutic Implications\nof Black Seed and Its Constituent Thymoquinone in the Prevention of\nCancer through Inactivation and Activation of Molecular Pathways","volume":"2014","author":"Rahmani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.03.011","article-title":"Thymoquinone\nand Its Therapeutic Potentials","volume":"95\u201396","author":"Darakhshan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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Nanostructure\nChem."},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113364","article-title":"The Effects of Thymoquinone on Pancreatic\nCancer: Evidence from Preclinical Studies","volume":"153","author":"Butnariu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed.\nPharmacother."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081708331654000_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(00)00235-1","article-title":"LC-MS-MS Determination\nof Exemestane in Human Plasma with Heated\nNebulizer Interface Following Solid-Phase Extraction in the 96 Well\nPlate Format","volume":"22","author":"Cenacchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.08.033","article-title":"Use\nof the Hyphenated LC-MS\/MS Technique\nand NMR\/IR Spectroscopy for the Identification of Exemestane Stress\nDegradation Products during the Drug Development","volume":"109","author":"Stolarczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081708331654000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118553","article-title":"Validation\nof a Rapid and Sensitive LC-MS\/MS Method for Determination of Exemestane\nand Its Metabolites, 17\u03b2-Hydroxyexemestane and 17\u03b2-Hydroxyexemestane-17-O-\u03b2-D-Glucuronide:\nApplication to Human Pharmacokinetics Study","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.01.001","article-title":"Development and Validation of an\nUPLC-MS\/MS Method for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Oral Anti-Hormonal\nDrugs in Oncology","volume":"1106\u20131107","author":"van\nNuland","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. 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Appl."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081708331654000_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.06.014","article-title":"Development\nand Validation of a Stability Indicating LC Method for the Assay and\nRelated Substances Determination of Exemestane, an Aromatase Inhibitor","volume":"50","author":"Suresh\nKumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081708331654000_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1190300506","article-title":"Determination of Plasma\nLevels of Exemestane (FCE 24304), a New Irreversible Aromatase Inhibitor,\nUsing Liquid Chromatography\/Thermospray Mass Spectrometry","volume":"30","author":"Allievi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081708331654000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1492","article-title":"Stability-Indicating\nUltra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Estimation\nof Thymoquinone and Its Application in Biopharmaceutical Studies","volume":"25","author":"Pathan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081708331654000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10061082","article-title":"Box-Behnken Design\n(BBD) Application for Optimization of Chromatographic Conditions in\nRP-HPLC Method Development for the Estimation of Thymoquinone in Nigella\nSativa Seed Powder","volume":"10","author":"Alam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6645680","article-title":"HPLC Quantification of Thymoquinone Extracted from Nigella Sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) Seeds\nand Antibacterial Activity of Its Extracts against Bacillus Species","volume":"2021","author":"Habib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement Altern. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081708331654000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1093\/chrsci\/49.8.634","article-title":"Development and Validation\nof Stability\nIndicating Method for the Determination of Exemestane by Reverse Phase\nHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography","volume":"49","author":"Konda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr.\nSci."},{"issue":"06","key":"2026081708331654000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.4172\/jbb.1000256","article-title":"A Novel Validated\nStability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method\nfor the Determination of Exemestane (Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitor)","volume":"07","author":"Mukthinuthalapati","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bioequiv. Availab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081708331654000_cit27","first-page":"6911","article-title":"RP-HPLC Estimation of Exemestane\nin Tablet Dosage Form","volume":"22","author":"Lakshmi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081708331654000_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22542","article-title":"Enhanced\nBioavailability of Exemestane via Proliposomes Based Transdermal Delivery","volume":"100","author":"Jukanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081708331654000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2018.1523256","article-title":"Effects of Solvents and Penetration Enhancers on Transdermal\nDelivery of Thymoquinone: Permeability and Skin Deposition Study","volume":"25","author":"Haq","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Delivery"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081708331654000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-018-0593-5","article-title":"Solvent Based Optimization\nfor Extraction\nand Stability of Thymoquinone from Nigella Sativa Linn. and Its Quantification\nUsing RP-HPLC","volume":"24","author":"Iqbal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants"},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2019.03.038","article-title":"Experimental Design\nMethodology for Optimization and\nRobustness Determination in Ion Pair RP-HPLC Method Development: Application\nfor the Simultaneous Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride, Alogliptin\nBenzoate and Repaglinide in Tablets","volume":"147","author":"Mahrouse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchem.\nJ."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081708331654000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1080\/10826076.2015.1087409","article-title":"Quality by Design (QbD)-Based Development\nand Optimization\nof a Simple, Robust RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Methotrexate","volume":"38","author":"Garg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081708331654000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-021-00286-4","article-title":"QbD Approach to HPLC\nMethod Development and Validation of Ceftriaxone Sodium","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Futur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"2026081708331654000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.11.078","article-title":"Stability\nIndicating Simplified HPLC\nMethod for Simultaneous Analysis of Resveratrol and Quercetin in Nanoparticles\nand Human Plasma","volume":"197","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"28","key":"2026081708331654000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25101","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c01791","article-title":"Rapid Analytical\nMethod Development\nand Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of\nExemestane and Genistein with Specific Application in Lipid-Based\nNanoformulations","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113540","article-title":"Validation\nof an Innovative Analytical Method for Simultaneous Quantification\nof Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid and the Monoclonal Antibody\nCetuximab Using HPLC from PLGA-Based Nanoparticles","volume":"190","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"2026081708331654000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.11.072","article-title":"Topical Gel of Metformin Solid Lipid\nNanoparticles:\nA Hopeful Promise as a Dermal Delivery System","volume":"175","author":"Rostamkalaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. 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