{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:48:00Z","timestamp":1790999280825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016293","name":"University of Mazandaran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016293","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pesticides that protect crops from insects and other pests are some of the main causes of water pollution. Imidacloprid (IMC) is the most widely used insecticide in the world and should be removed from the environment. This work aims to prepare mesoporous nanocomposites to increase the photodegradation efficiency of IMC. To improve the surface properties and enhance the photocatalytic activity, mesoporous nanocomposites with different weight ratios of graphite carbon nitride (CN = 125, 250, and 500 mg) were prepared by the solvothermal method. Mesoporous NH2-MIL-88b\u00ad(Fe)\/graphite carbon nitride (CN = 250 mg, NH2-MCN-2) nanocomposites showed the best photocatalytic performance. To save the time and cost of the experiments, central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used and the results were obtained as the initial concentration of IMC (20 mg L\u20131), amount of photocatalyst (0.76 g L\u20131), pH = 5, and degradation time \u223c46 min. The maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency estimated by the model was obtained at 96.31%, which is very close to the actual value of 95.47%. The mesoporous NH2-MCN-2 nanocomposite showed excellent stability and suitable reusability with a maximum degradation of 84.5% after five cycles. Results obtained from kinetic studies indicated a rate constant value of 0.08 min\u20131, and isotherm models showed that equilibrium data are more consistent with the Langmuir model in photocatalytic degradation. Electrochemical experiments showed significant improvement in the electron transfer rate and photocatalytic activity of the mesoporous NH2-MCN-2 nanocomposite. Different trapping agents were used to investigate the effective active species in IMC photodegradation, and it was determined that the hole (h+) and OH radical (\u2022OH) play the main role. The possible mechanism for IMC photocatalytic degradation was suggested by Mott\u2013Schottky (M-S) electrochemical impedance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c10281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T14:41:13Z","timestamp":1718203273000},"page":"26983-27001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Highly Efficient\nPhotocatalytic Degradation of Imidacloprid\nBased on Iron Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks of Mesoporous NH2\u2011MIL-88b\/Graphite Carbon Nitride Nanocomposites by\nVisible Light Driven in Aqueous Media"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Elham","family":"Chiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mazandaran , , ,","place":["Babolsar, Iran, 47416-95447"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7988-7809","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shahram","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mazandaran , , ,","place":["Babolsar, Iran, 4741695447"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Naser","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mazandaran , , ,","place":["Babolsar, Iran, 47416-95447"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"2026081709090617900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1021\/cen-09920-scicon5","article-title":"Microparticles\nprotect bees from pesticides","volume":"99","author":"Arnaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"C&EN"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081709090617900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.9b01954","article-title":"Creation of\nCarbazole-Based Fluorescent Porous Polymers\nfor Recognition and Detection of Various Pesticides in Water","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sensors"},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10517","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04678","article-title":"Gut microbiota:\na key\nfactor in the host health effects induced by pesticide exposure","volume":"68","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081709090617900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c06819","article-title":"Comparative\nAssessment of Pesticide\nExposures in Domestic Dogs and Their Owners Using Silicone Passive\nSamplers and Biomonitoring","volume":"56","author":"Wise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5421","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jced.0c00558","article-title":"Determination and Correlation\nof Solubility of Forms I and II of Imidacloprid in Seven Pure Solvents\nfrom 293.15 to 333.15 K","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical\n& Engineering Data"},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loganathan, B. G.; Ahuja, S.; Subedi, B. (2020). Synthetic Organic Chemical Pollutants in Water:\nOrigin, Distribution, and Implications for Human Exposure and Health, Contaminants in Our Water: Identification and Remediation\nMethods, Chapter, 2, 13\u201339.","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2020-1352.ch002"},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6943","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c01367","article-title":"Latent Benefits and\nToxicity Risks Transmission Chain of High Dietary\nCopper along the Livestock\u2013Environment\u2013Plant\u2013Human\nHealth Axis and Microbial Homeostasis: A Review","volume":"70","author":"Zhen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.4491\/eer.2019.150","article-title":"Sequential\nmicro-bial-photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid","volume":"25","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081709090617900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7568","DOI":"10.1021\/ic800538r","article-title":"High-throughput assisted\nrationalization of the formation of metal organic frameworks in the\niron (III) aminoterephthalate solvothermal system","volume":"47","author":"Bauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inorganic chemistry"},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.07.003","article-title":"Constructing Z-scheme\ncharge separation in 2D layered porous BiOBr\/graphic\nC3N4 nanosheets nonojunction with enhanced photocatalytic\nactivity","volume":"723","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2017.06.030","article-title":"thermal, chemical\nand mechanical processes as metal-free photocatalyst for the selective\nsynthesis of benzaldehyde from benzyl alcohol","volume":"353","author":"Lima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.144616","article-title":"Carbon nanodots\nanchored onto the metal-organic framework NH2-MIL-88B (Fe)\nas a novel visible light-driven photocatalyst: Photocatalytic performance\nand mechanism investigation","volume":"505","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. 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Sci."},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.12.004","article-title":"Solvothermal syntheses\nof Bi and\nZn co-doped TiO2 with enhanced electron-hole separation and efficient\nphotodegradation of gaseous toluene under visible-light","volume":"325","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of hazardous materials"},{"key":"2026081709090617900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2016.07.033","article-title":"Nickel\nnanoparticles coated with\ngraphene layers as efficient co-catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen\nevolution","volume":"200","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. 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Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081709090617900_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4580","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.4580","article-title":"Effective removal of\n2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol over hexagonal metal\u2013organic framework\nNH2-MIL-88B (Fe)","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Organomet.\nChem."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081709090617900_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.4597","article-title":"Fabrication\nof noble-metal-free g-C3N4-MIL-53\u00ad(Fe)\ncomposite for enhanced photocatalytic H2-generation performance","volume":"32","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Organomet. 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