{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:25:06Z","timestamp":1786973106056,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52234008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52234008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The solid\u2013liquid phase equilibria of the ternary systems Pb2+, Ca2+\/\/Cl\u2013\u2013H2O, Pb2+, Mg2+\/\/Cl\u2013\u2013H2O, and Ca2+, Mg2+\/\/Cl\u2013\u2013H2O were investigated at atmospheric pressure and T = 303.2 K using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. Additionally, solid phase equilibria of the quaternary system Pb2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+\/\/Cl\u2013\u2013H2O were determined, and the corresponding stable phase diagrams and density-composition diagrams were constructed. The results indicate that the phase diagrams of Pb2+, Ca2+\/\/Cl\u2013\u2013H2O mainly consist of a ternary invariant point, two solubility curves, and four crystalline regions, while there are two ternary invariant points, three solubility curves, and six crystalline regions in the Pb2+, Mg2+\/\/Cl\u2013\u2013H2O and Ca2+, Mg2+\/\/Cl\u2013\u2013H2O systems. The results of the density-versus-w(CaCl2) plots of the various ternary systems confirm that the density of the equilibrium solution tends to go upward with the increase in the mass fraction of CaCl2. The density of various ternary systems reaches the maximum and equilibrium at the corresponding invariant point, and there is no significant change with the further increase in the CaCl2 mass fraction. Furthermore, the phase diagram of the Pb2+, Mg2+, Ca2+\/\/Cl\u2013\u2013H2O quaternary system includes two invariant points, five isothermal dissolution curves, and five crystalline regions. The order of the relative areas of the crystalline regions for the five salts is PbCl2 &amp;gt; CaCl2\u00b72MgCl2\u00b712H2O &amp;gt; 2PbCl2\u00b73MgCl2\u00b718H2O &amp;gt; MgCl2\u00b76H2O &amp;gt; CaCl2\u00b74H2O.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c02694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T10:31:25Z","timestamp":1719829885000},"page":"30615-30624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Solid\u2013Liquid\nPhase Equilibria of the Pb2+, Ca2+, Mg2+\/\/Cl\u2013\u2013H2O Quaternary System and\nIts Subsystems at 303.2\nK"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University , , , ,","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China, 410083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanrui","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University , , , ,","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China, 410083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University , , , ,","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China, 410083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2637-7207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University , , , ,","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China, 410083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3706-7682","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou University , , , ,","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China, 450001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8835-8346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guanghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University , , , ,","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China, 410083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081708342473700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20844","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9874-8","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution\nin sediments of the largest reservoir (Three Gorges Reservoir) in\nChina: a review","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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