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Using microemulsion-assisted sol\u2013gel synthesis, we fabricated MBGNs with sizes ranging from 150 to 250 nm and shapes that shifted from spherical to more irregular shapes upon co-doping, as observed by SEM and TEM. We assessed the materials\u2019 amorphous nature and molecular structure through XRD and FTIR, respectively, noting the preservation of bioactivity-associated Si\u2013O\u2013Si groups. This can influence the nucleation and growth of the mineral phases similar to those found in natural tissues, forming a bioactive coating on the material surface. Nitrogen adsorption\u2013desorption isotherms confirmed a mesoporous structure with increased specific surface area upon co-doping. The release behavior of Ca and Si in simulated body fluids studied by ICP-OES indicated alterations after adding Co and B, modifying their release kinetics. Bone regeneration relies on osteogenesis and vascular network formation for nutrient and oxygen supply. This study highlights the synergistic effect of B and Co co-doping, enhancing both angiogenesis and osteogenesis beyond single-ion doping. Biocompatibility studies with MG-63 and HDFa cell lines indicated that B enhanced cell viability, while the viability effect of Co was concentration-dependent. Cytotoxicity was assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays and is shown in high concentrations in the case of reference and B-doped sample, which was significantly reduced in the case of co-doped material. The newly developed nanoparticles showed a 10-fold increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion compared to the control sample (p &amp;lt; 0.05, one-way ANOVA), as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in treated cells. Based on present results, the co-doped system shows a strong potential impact on angiogenesis with no effect on cell cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c00874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T19:34:48Z","timestamp":1746560088000},"page":"19735-19749","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["High VEGF Secretion\nUsing Co and B Co-doped Bioactive\nMesoporous Glass Nanoparticles for Enhanced Angiogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3775-8994","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martina","family":"Vita\u0301zkova\u0301","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A. Dubc\u030cek University of Trenc\u030ci\u0301n , , S\u030ctudentska\u0301 2 , ,","place":["Trenc\u030ci\u0301n, Slovakia, 911 50"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1344-8851","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fatih","family":"Kurtuldu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. Dubc\u030cek University of Trenc\u030ci\u0301n , , S\u030ctudentska\u0301 2 , ,","place":["Trenc\u030ci\u0301n, Slovakia, 911 50"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurshen","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. Dubc\u030cek University of Trenc\u030ci\u0301n , , S\u030ctudentska\u0301 2 , ,","place":["Trenc\u030ci\u0301n, Slovakia, 911 50"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Medical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Medical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7500-7800","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pavol","family":"S\u030culy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomas Bata University in Zli\u0301n , , tr\u030c. Toma\u0301s\u030ce Bati 5678 , ,","place":["Zli\u0301n 1, Czech Republic, 760 01"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1643-2038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luka\u0301s\u030c","family":"Mu\u0308nster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tomas Bata University in Zli\u0301n , , tr\u030c. Toma\u0301s\u030ce Bati 5678 , ,","place":["Zli\u0301n 1, Czech Republic, 760 01"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulema","family":"Vargas-Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. Dubc\u030cek University of Trenc\u030ci\u0301n , , S\u030ctudentska\u0301 2 , ,","place":["Trenc\u030ci\u0301n, Slovakia, 911 50"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dus\u030can","family":"Galusek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. Dubc\u030cek University of Trenc\u030ci\u0301n , , S\u030ctudentska\u0301 2 , ,","place":["Trenc\u030ci\u0301n, Slovakia, 911 50"]},{"name":"VILA \u2013 Joint Glass Centre of the IIC SAS, TnUAD, FChPT STU , S\u030ctudentska\u0301 2 , ,","place":["Trenc\u030ci\u0301n, Slovakia, 911 50"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Micha\u0301lek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. Dubc\u030cek University of Trenc\u030ci\u0301n , , S\u030ctudentska\u0301 2 , ,","place":["Trenc\u030ci\u0301n, Slovakia, 911 50"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026081811232868400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820050611","article-title":"Bonding Mechanisms\nat the Interface of Ceramic Prosthetic Materials","volume":"5","author":"Hench","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. 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