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Therefore, the correct measurement of these components is essential to evaluate the final quality of biodiesel and to monitor its synthesis. In addition, evaluation of the composition in ethanol and glycerol is also relevant in modeling the kinetics of the transesterification reaction. Ion chromatography was evaluated as an alternative technique to identify and quantify ethanol and free glycerol in biodiesel samples from heterogeneous, homogeneous, and enzymatic catalysis. The analytical method exhibited detection limits of 0.1 and 0.94 mg\u00b7L\u20131 and quantification limits of 0.3 and 2.83 mg\u00b7L\u20131 for glycerol and ethanol, respectively. Additionally, the analytical method demonstrated suitable repeatability (RSDglycerol = 0.14% and RSDethanol = 0.80%), reproducibility (RSDglycerol = 1.27% and RSDethanol = 3.32%), and selectivity, proving to be reliable in relation to the matrix effects according to the validation guide of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Ion chromatography has been demonstrated to be an alternative technique that is adequate for the quantification of ethanol and glycerol in different alkyl ester systems. Moreover, the technique dispenses the use of organic solvents, resulting in a considerable reduction of toxicity, analysis time, and analytical costs, and contributes to both environmental and operational securities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c01406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T03:53:19Z","timestamp":1752205999000},"page":"30222-30231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ion Chromatography\nas a Sustainable Alternative for\nMonitoring Ethanol and Free Glycerol in Biodiesel"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-8621","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramon S. B.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , , 80 Monteiro Lobato St. , , ,","place":["Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13083-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patri\u0301cia\nT. de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , , 80 Monteiro Lobato St. , , ,","place":["Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13083-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2581-7207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Gonc\u0327alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , , 80 Monteiro Lobato St. , , ,","place":["Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13083-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela M. dos","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , , 80 Monteiro Lobato St. , , ,","place":["Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13083-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klicia Araujo","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , , 80 Monteiro Lobato St. , , ,","place":["Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13083-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6363-126X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio J. A.","family":"Meirelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , , 80 Monteiro Lobato St. , , ,","place":["Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13083-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8102-9424","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Caldas Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , , 80 Monteiro Lobato St. , , ,","place":["Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13083-062"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081812231258400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RSER.2015.11.048","article-title":"Impact of Alcohol on Biodiesel Production\nand Properties","volume":"56","author":"Verma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy\nRev."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081812231258400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.3390\/catal11111261","article-title":"A Short\nReview on Catalyst, Feedstock, Modernised Process,\nCurrent State and Challenges on Biodiesel Production","volume":"11","author":"Alsultan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"issue":"43","key":"2026081812231258400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14432","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.ANALCHEM.1C02474","article-title":"Mapping\nGlyceride Species in Biodiesel by High-Temperature Gas Chromatography\nCombined with Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry","volume":"93","author":"Wojcik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. 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