{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T18:30:09Z","timestamp":1787077809256,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"26","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Biodiesel was produced through transesterification from canola oil and methanol in the presence of silica xerogel derived from sugar cane leaves as a solid catalyst. The transesterification reaction was carried out at 65 \u00b0C in a batch-type reactor where a three-neck round-bottom flask was used as a reaction vessel with a reflux setup. Reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, and weight percentage of the catalyst were varied to optimize the biodiesel yield. The xerogel catalyst was characterized by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The produced biodiesel was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a viscometer. The synthesized catalyst was found to operate as a true heterogeneous catalyst, since it preserved its solid nature and did not leach into the reaction medium. A biodiesel yield of 96.9% was achieved under optimal reaction conditions of 60 min reaction time, 6:1 methanol to oil ratio, and 3 wt % catalyst loading. The produced biodiesel was found to have a mixture of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and had physical properties that met the ASTM and EN standards. The investigated catalyst was found to have a potential of being recycled up to 3 times, which positively affects the biodiesel production costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c01971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T19:34:37Z","timestamp":1750966477000},"page":"28032-28042","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Usage of Silica\nXerogel from African Sugarcane Leaves\nas a Catalyst in Biodiesel Production through Transesterification"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5809-1238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ncamisile Nondumiso","family":"Maseko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal , , 238 Mazisi Kunene Road, Glenwood , ,","place":["Durban, South Africa, 4041"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6610-2948","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dirk","family":"Enke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal , , 238 Mazisi Kunene Road, Glenwood , ,","place":["Durban, South Africa, 4041"]},{"name":"Universita\u0308t Leipzig , , Linne\u0301str. 3 , ,","place":["Leipzig, Germany, 04103"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pius Adewale","family":"Owolawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tshwane University of Technology , , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0152"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Ayodele","family":"Iwarere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pretoria , , Lynnwood Road, Hatfield , ,","place":["Pretoria, South Africa, 0028"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8964-5646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oluwatobi Samuel","family":"Oluwafemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Johannesburg , , Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011 , ,","place":["Doornfontein, South Africa, 2028"]},{"name":"University of Johannesburg , , ,","place":["Johannesburg, South Africa, 2000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Pocock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal , , 238 Mazisi Kunene Road, Glenwood , ,","place":["Durban, South Africa, 4041"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081812091040400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/739\/1\/012083","article-title":"Utilization of rice husk silica as\nsolid catalyst in the transesterification process for biodiesel production","volume":"739","author":"Banurea","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. 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