{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:13:23Z","timestamp":1793261603748,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024QE485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QE485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In recent years, methane (CH4) emissions have risen faster than carbon dioxide, raising significant concerns. Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of CH4 emissions, their inequality, and the decoupling of economic growth from emissions is crucial for developing effective reduction policies. This study applies Moran\u2019s I index, the Tapio decoupling index, and the Theil index to analyze global CH4 emissions from 177 countries and regions between 2002 and 2022. CH4 emissions increased from 292.38 Tg in 2002 to 347.79 Tg in 2012 and further to 379.12 Tg in 2022, with a consistent yet slightly declining spatial clustering. High\u2013high clusters were concentrated in Russia and China, extending into Eastern Europe and Central Asia, while low\u2013low clusters were mainly found in Africa. Weak decoupling dominated globally, particularly in Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. Oceania shifted from weak to strong decoupling, while South America transitioned to strong negative decoupling. The global Theil index for CH4 emission intensity showed growing inequality between regions, with greater inequality between regions than within them. Conversely, the Theil index for CH4 emissions per capita showed a consistent decline, indicating narrowing global inequality, driven largely by within-region differences. Our results highlight the need for stronger reduction policies, especially in high-emission areas like Russia and China. South America, facing negative decoupling, requires sustainable development strategies to reduce emissions. Addressing the growing inequality in CH4 emission intensity is essential, particularly between regions, and international cooperation is crucial to achieving equitable global CH4 reductions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c02160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T14:50:02Z","timestamp":1751899802000},"page":"30432-30442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatiotemporal\nDynamics of Global Anthropogenic Methane\nEmissions: Spatial Patterns, Decoupling Trends and Inequalities"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7612-9386","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanhui","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266590"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-8103","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266590"]},{"name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266590"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hairong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266590"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266590"]},{"name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Qingdao, China, 266590"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081812233427900_cit1","unstructured":"IPCC\n          . 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A.; Clarke, L.; Dahe, Q.; Dasgupta, P.\n          Climate change 2014: synthesis report.\nContribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment\nreport of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; IPCC, 2014."},{"key":"2026081812233427900_cit3","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Trends in global CO2 and total greenhouse gas emissions","author":"Olivier","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026081812233427900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150008","article-title":"Global trade\nnetwork\nand CH4 emission outsourcing","volume":"803","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci.\nTotal Environ."},{"key":"2026081812233427900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2019.104414","article-title":"Evolution of methane\nemissions in global supply chains during 2000\u20132012","volume":"150","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour., Conserv. 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Indic."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081812233427900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/2017ef000673","article-title":"Estimates\nand predictions\nof methane emissions from wastewater in China from 2000 to 2020","volume":"6","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Earth\u2019s Future"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081812233427900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-3227-2016","article-title":"Contribution of oil and natural gas\nproduction to renewed increase in atmospheric methane (2007\u20132014):\ntop\u2013down estimate from ethane and methane column observations","volume":"16","author":"Hausmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. 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G.\n          \n          The Potential\nEffects of the Carbon Emission Tax Imposition on South African Mining\nCompanies\u2019 Profitability and Emission Reduction. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2019."},{"key":"2026081812233427900_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2020.111375","article-title":"Development\nof the electricity-environmental policy CGE model (GTAP-E-PowerS):\nA case of the carbon tax in South Africa","volume":"140","author":"Nong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy\nPolicy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081812233427900_cit58","first-page":"65","article-title":"Russia\nand Europe\u2019s mutual energy dependence","volume":"63","author":"Paillard","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Int. 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