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We have found that compound 9 ((\u00b1)-ethyl 2,7,7-trimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate) is active against L. major amastigotes (IC50 = 10.6 \u03bcM), but it is poorly selective for L. major over Vero cells (SI = 1.13) and macrophages (SI = 0.42). Among the evaluated 1,4-DHPs, compound 4 ((\u00b1)-ethyl 4-(4-(benzyloxy)\u00adphenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate) is the most active against T. gondii, providing the lowest IC50 (3.1 \u03bcM) and the highest selectivity for this parasite (SI = 5.57) over Vero cells. Docking studies revealed that compound 4 has a high affinity for the T. gondii target (PDB ID: 4JBV). Furthermore, ADME-T predictions indicated that compound 4 meets the drug-likeness criteria without violating any Lipinski, Veger, or Egan\u2019s rules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c04551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T10:03:12Z","timestamp":1752141792000},"page":"31066-31076","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antileishmanial\nand Antitoxoplasmal Activities of\n1,4-Dihydropyridines"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Thai\u0301s\nA. S.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo , , , ,","place":["Ribeira\u0303o Preto, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 14900-001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4049-2620","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan R.","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sa\u0303o Paulo , , , ,","place":["Ribeira\u0303o Preto, Sa\u0303o Paulo, Brazil, 14900-001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4690-1050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ibrahim S.","family":"Al Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University , , ,","place":["Qassim, Saudi Arabia, 51452"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed S.","family":"Koko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University , , ,","place":["Qassim, Saudi Arabia, 51452"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University , , ,","place":["Qassim, Saudi Arabia, 51452"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Mohamed Khider , , BP 145 RP , ,","place":["Biskra, Algeria, 07000"]},{"name":"Tlemcen University , , P.O. Box 119,","place":["Tlemcen, Algeria, 13000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyfeddine","family":"Rahali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University , , ,","place":["Qassim, Saudi Arabia, 51452"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7046-1587","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noureddine","family":"Amdouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u2019 Tunis El Manar , , ,","place":["Tunis, Tunisia, 1068"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridha B.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University , , ,","place":["Qassim, Saudi Arabia, 51452"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1730-1729","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anto\u0302nio E. 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