{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:01:13Z","timestamp":1790092873189,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"37","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018556","name":"Science and Technology Program of Suzhou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SS202090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SS202090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018556","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017962","name":"Jiangsu Commission of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z2022082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z2022082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017962","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic back pain and related disabilities are largely caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, effective treatments remain limited. Existing treatment modalities, encompassing both conservative and surgical approaches, often fail to effectively arrest disease progression and may be associated with significant adverse effects. Recent studies have underscored the potential of tissue engineering and exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-exos) as a promising strategy for the repair of intervertebral discs. This study aims to employ bioengineering techniques to enhance the retention and achieve sustained release of exosomes in the context of IVDD treatment. Our team developed a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel system containing exosomes. Then Exosomes were mixed with GelMA to prepare a composite hydrogel (Exo-GelMA). This hydrogel-based system facilitates the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the degenerated disc, thereby modulating the proliferation, migration, and matrix synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). In a model of IVDD induced by puncture, this system notably slowed down the degeneration process and demonstrated considerable potential as a non-surgical treatment modality for IVDD, offering a promising strategy to attenuate the progression of IVDD and facilitate disc repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c08053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T15:01:44Z","timestamp":1789225304000},"page":"54886-54896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incorporation of\nBone Marrow Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes\ninto GelMA Hydrogel Effectively Attenuates Disc Degeneration in the\nVertebrae of Rats"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2587-7180","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Ninth People\u2019s Hospital , , , ,","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Ninth People\u2019s Hospital , , , ,","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawei","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Ninth People\u2019s Hospital , , , ,","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Ninth People\u2019s Hospital , , , ,","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Ninth People\u2019s Hospital , , , ,","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Ninth People\u2019s Hospital , , , ,","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215200"]},{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , , , ,","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, 215200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210562559100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428","article-title":"The global burden of low back pain: estimates\nfrom the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study","volume":"73","author":"Hoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.066","article-title":"Fundamentals\nof Intervertebral Disc Degeneration","volume":"157","author":"Kirnaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210562559100_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E350","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy523","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Seeded High-Density\nCollagen\nGel for Annular Repair: 6-Week Results From In Vivo Sheep Models","volume":"85","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"534","key":"2026092210562559100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay2380","article-title":"Combined nucleus\npulposus augmentation and annulus fibrosus repair prevents acute intervertebral\ndisc degeneration after discectomy","volume":"12","author":"Sloan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl\nMed."},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103845","article-title":"Combination of ultrapurified stem\ncells with an in situ-forming bioresorbable gel enhances intervertebral\ndisc regeneration","volume":"76","author":"Ukeba","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092210562559100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-025-00746-5","article-title":"Exosomes\nTherapy: A Promising Avenue for Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration","volume":"22","author":"Bhat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210562559100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R206","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3182","article-title":"Intradiscal transplantation\nof synovial mesenchymal stem cells prevents intervertebral disc degeneration\nthrough suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-related genes in nucleus\npulposus cells in rabbits","volume":"12","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210562559100_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2020.112109","article-title":"Exosomesomal\nmiR-532-5p from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce intervertebral\ndisc degeneration by targeting RASSF5","volume":"393","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Cell\nRes."},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.09.033","article-title":"Cytoprotective effect\nof melatonin against hypoxia\/serum\ndeprivation-induced cell death of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells\nin vitro","volume":"748","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210562559100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/term.433","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells injection\nin degenerated intervertebral disc: cell leakage may induce osteophyte\nformation","volume":"6","author":"Vadala\u0300","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210562559100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03544-x","article-title":"Icariin regulates stem\ncell migration for endogenous repair of intervertebral\ndisc degeneration by increasing the expression of chemotactic cytokines","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med. Ther"},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.08.041","article-title":"Drug delivery\nin intervertebral disc degeneration\nand osteoarthritis: Selecting the optimal platform for the delivery\nof disease-modifying agents","volume":"328","author":"Colella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210562559100_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22605","article-title":"A comparison\nof intravenous and intradiscal delivery of multipotential stem cells\non the healing of injured intervertebral disk","volume":"32","author":"Tam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orthop Res."},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946031","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/946031","article-title":"Cell-Based Therapies Used to Treat Lumbar Degenerative\nDisc Disease: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies and Human Clinical\nTrials","volume":"2015","author":"Oehme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210562559100_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4223-1","article-title":"Cell therapy for intervertebral disc herniation and degenerative\ndisc disease: clinical trials","volume":"43","author":"Schol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Orthop"},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.07.012","article-title":"Three-dimensional\nbioprinting of a full-thickness functional skin model using acellular\ndermal matrix and gelatin methacrylamide bioink","volume":"131","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.06.027","article-title":"Multifunctional\nGelMA platforms with nanomaterials for advanced tissue therapeutics","volume":"8","author":"Kurian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210562559100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.80615","article-title":"Recent advances in\nGelMA hydrogel transplantation for musculoskeletal disorders and related\ndisease treatment","volume":"13","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210562559100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4245-8","article-title":"Clinical\ntrials of intervertebral\ndisc regeneration: current status and future developments","volume":"43","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Orthop"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092210562559100_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21147","article-title":"Effect of cell number on mesenchymal\nstem cell transplantation\nin a canine disc degeneration model","volume":"28","author":"Serigano","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Orthop\nRes."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092210562559100_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.44","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived\nExtracellular Vesicles: Toward Cell-free Therapeutic Applications","volume":"23","author":"Rani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther"},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00738","article-title":"Extracellular\nVesicle Heterogeneity: Subpopulations, Isolation Techniques, and Diverse\nFunctions in Cancer Progression","volume":"9","author":"Willms","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092210562559100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szae024","article-title":"Transcriptomic\nanalysis reveals the anti-cancer effect of gestational mesenchymal\nstem cell secretome","volume":"13","author":"Vaiasicca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092210562559100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717723636","article-title":"Exosomes\nand Stem Cells in Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Therapy","volume":"27","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026092210562559100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003150","article-title":"Mesenchymal\nStem Cell\nHoming Into Intervertebral Discs Enhances the Tie2-positive Progenitor\nCell Population, Prevents Cell Death, and Induces a Proliferative\nResponse","volume":"44","author":"Wangler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092210562559100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020684","article-title":"Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal\nStem Cells and\nTheir Derived Exosomes for Tissue Engineering","volume":"22","author":"Khayambashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026092210562559100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR00352H","article-title":"Integration of stem cell-derived exosomes with in situ\nhydrogel glue\nas a promising tissue patch for articular cartilage regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092210562559100_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b01363","article-title":"Integration\nof Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes with\nHydroxyapatite-Embedded Hyaluronic Acid-Alginate Hydrogel for Bone\nRegeneration","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026092210562559100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30081","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b08449","article-title":"Enhanced Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal\nStem Cell-Derived\nExosomes with an Injectable Hydrogel for Hindlimb Ischemia Treatment","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.123479","article-title":"Exosomes-laden\ninjectable self-healing hydrogel based on quaternized chitosan and\noxidized starch attenuates disc degeneration by suppressing nucleus\npulposus senescence","volume":"232","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.03.021","article-title":"Development\nof a UV crosslinked biodegradable hydrogel containing adipose derived\nstem cells to promote vascularization for skin wounds and tissue engineering","volume":"129","author":"Eke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210562559100_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041635","article-title":"Gelatin Methacryloyl-Riboflavin\n(GelMA-RF)\nHydrogels for Bone Regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Goto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol.\nSci."},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.04.010","article-title":"A 3D-printed PRP-GelMA\nhydrogel promotes osteochondral regeneration\nthrough M2 macrophage polarization in a rabbit model","volume":"128","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.11.035","article-title":"Construction of three-dimensional\nmesoporous carbon nitride with\nhigh surface area for efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution","volume":"561","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.11.011","article-title":"Injectable\nconductive gelatin methacrylate \/ oxidized dextran hydrogel encapsulating\numbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for myocardial infarction treatment","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.07.038","article-title":"Direct 3D\nbioprinting of perfusable vascular constructs\nusing a blend bioink","volume":"106","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092210562559100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8838","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b21268","article-title":"On Low-Concentration\nInks Formulated by Nanocellulose Assisted with Gelatin Methacrylate\n(GelMA) for 3D Printing toward Wound Healing Application","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092210562559100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6849","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b16059","article-title":"3D Bioprinting of Low-Concentration\nCell-Laden Gelatin Methacrylate (GelMA) Bioinks with a Two-Step Cross-linking\nStrategy","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092210562559100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5810","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c01193","article-title":"Nanocomposite\nConductive Bioinks Based on Low-Concentration GelMA and MXene Nanosheets\/Gold\nNanoparticles Providing Enhanced Printability of Functional Skeletal\nMuscle Tissues","volume":"7","author":"Boularaoui","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2024.102418","article-title":"3D bioprinting\nof DPSCs with GelMA hydrogel of various concentrations\nfor bone regeneration","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092210562559100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031841","article-title":"3D Printable\nComposite Biomaterials Based on GelMA and Hydroxyapatite Powders Doped\nwith Cerium Ions for Bone Tissue Regeneration","volume":"23","author":"Leu Alexa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210562559100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/10409230290771546","article-title":"Biochemistry and molecular biology\nof gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)","volume":"37","author":"Van den Steen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev. Biochem Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092210562559100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"042008","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ad4df7","article-title":"Unveiling\nthe versatility\nof gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels: a comprehensive journey into biomedical\napplications","volume":"19","author":"Pramanik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Mater."},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.08.045","article-title":"Synthesis, properties, and biomedical\napplications\nof gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels","volume":"73","author":"Yue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.168","article-title":"Preparation,\nproperties, and applications\nof gelatin-based hydrogels (GHs) in the environmental, technological,\nand biomedical sectors","volume":"218","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"45","key":"2026092210562559100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202507073","article-title":"Spheroid-Derived\nBMSC Exosomes Enhance Proliferation and Matrix Remodeling of Nucleus\nPulposus Cell Clusters in Degenerative Disc Repair","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092210562559100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-024-10781-9","article-title":"Bone Marrow\nMesenchymal\nStem Cell-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Nuclear Pulposus Cells Degeneration\nThrough the miR-145a-5p\/USP31\/HIF-1\u03b1 Signaling Pathway","volume":"20","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092210562559100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23628","article-title":"Optimization of puncture injury to\nrat caudal disc\nfor mimicking early degeneration of intervertebral disc","volume":"36","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2026092210562559100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S358396","article-title":"Controlled Release\nof TGF-\u03b23 for Effective Local Endogenous Repair in IDD Using\nRat Model","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026092210562559100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1769301","article-title":"Mesenchymal\nstem cells-derived exosomes ameliorate nucleus pulposus cells apoptosis\nvia delivering miR-142-3p: therapeutic potential for intervertebral\ndisc degenerative diseases","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092210562559100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.70008","article-title":"Exosomesomal miR-221-3p\nderived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviates endoplasmic\nreticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells via\nthe Nrf2\/HO-1 signalling pathway","volume":"106","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp\nPathol"}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c08053","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/37\/54886\/68490836\/acsomega.5c08053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/37\/54886\/68490836\/acsomega.5c08053.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:09:36Z","timestamp":1790089776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/37\/54886\/5428831\/Incorporation-of-Bone-Marrow-Stem-Cell-Derived"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c08053","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]}}}