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The morphology, particle size, elemental composition, and magnetocaloric properties have been characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Microscopic images showed that the Fe3O4 NPs were spherical, and their average size could be tuned from 13 \u00b1 4 nm to 230 \u00b1 4 nm by varying the OAm\/EG ratio. According to the FTIR and XPS results, FA was chemically bonded to the amide bond on the surface of Fe3O4. The particles display ferromagnetic characteristics. Notably, FA@Fe3O4 retains favorable magnetic properties after FA modification, showing superparamagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 64\u201369 emu\/g. Although this value is somewhat lower than that of unmodified Fe3O4 (71.0 emu\/g), no significant degradation in the magnetic performance was observed. According to the results of the MTT cytotoxicity evaluation experiment, FA@Fe3O4 exhibits low cytotoxicity (cell viability &amp;gt;80% at 0.25 mg\/mL). What is more, FA@Fe3O4 magnetic fluid has good stability and superparamagnetic properties and is expected to mediate targeted hyperthermia therapy for malignant tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c08419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:20:58Z","timestamp":1772205658000},"page":"14352-14361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Facile Synthesis,\nCharacterization, Cytotoxicity,\nand Magnetic Properties of FA@Fe3O4 Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Arts and Science , , ,","place":["Xiangyang, China, 441053"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Arts and Science , , ,","place":["Xiangyang, China, 441053"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Arts and Science , , ,","place":["Xiangyang, China, 441053"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Arts and Science , , ,","place":["Xiangyang, China, 441053"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9089-3970","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanmin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Arts and Science , , ,","place":["Xiangyang, China, 441053"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081508065857900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59525-2","article-title":"Ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles self-assembly induced dual-mode T1\/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and enhanced\ntumor synergetic theranostics","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. 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