{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:52:22Z","timestamp":1787071942717,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Xanthan gum (XG), valued for its environmental friendliness and multifunctionality, has been extensively utilized in drilling fluids. However, its inadequate thermal stability at elevated bottomhole temperatures encountered in deep drilling operations has constrained its broader application. In this study, we successfully synthesized a graft copolymer (XG-g-Nano SiO2-AMPS) through grafting XG with KH570-modified nano-SiO2 and thermally stable monomer AMPS. The modified product exhibited significantly reduced molecular weights, with number-average (Mn) and weight-average (Mw) molecular weights of 3.17 \u00d7 105 g\/mol and 3.88 \u00d7 105 g\/mol, respectively. Thermal analysis revealed a 31% mass loss at high temperature, representing an 14% reduction compared to native XG, while biotoxicity assessment showed an EC50 value exceeding 106 mg\/L, indicating low toxicity. Performance evaluation demonstrated excellent viscosity-enhancing properties and superior filtration control, with API filtrate volumes (FLAPI) of 3.0 mL (freshwater) and 3.4 mL (saturated brine), along with high-temperature\/high-pressure filtrate volumes (FLHTHP) of 12 and 15 mL, respectively, after 16 h of thermal aging at 150 \u00b0C. This breakthrough substantially improves XG\u2019s thermal resilience, extending its applicability in deep high-temperature wells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c08730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T18:02:08Z","timestamp":1785952928000},"page":"47267-47275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preparation and\nEvaluation of Biopolysaccharide-Based\nTemperature-Resistant Drilling Fluid Additives"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3117-0032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunhai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Institute of Petrochina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610017"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Institute of Petrochina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610017"]},{"name":"China University of Petroleum (East China) , , ,","place":["Qingdao, P. R. China, 266580"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Institute of Petrochina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610017"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Institute of Petrochina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610017"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University , , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Institute of Petrochina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610017"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Institute of Petrochina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company , ,","place":["Chengdu, China, 610017"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026081810485632100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3787\/j.issn.1000-0976.2022.12.009","article-title":"Key technologies for drilling deep and ultra-deep wells in the Sichuan\nBasin: Current status, challenges and prospects","volume":"42","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810485632100_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104702","article-title":"Xanthan gum-derived materials for\napplications in environment and eco-friendly materials: A review","volume":"9","author":"Abu Elella","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"2026081810485632100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00397-015-0888-1","article-title":"Nonlinear\nand linear viscoelastic properties of a novel type of xanthan gum\nwith industrial applications","volume":"54","author":"Carmona","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810485632100_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2011.03.035","article-title":"Production,\nrecovery and applications of xanthan gum\nby Xanthomonas campestris","volume":"106","author":"Palaniraj","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081810485632100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-017-0231-7","article-title":"Water-based\ndrilling fluids: The contribution of xanthan gum and carboxymethylcellulose\non filtration control","volume":"71","author":"da Luz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Pap."},{"issue":"07","key":"2026081810485632100_cit8","first-page":"156","article-title":"Research\ndevelopment on the structure,\nproperty and application of xanthan gum","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"09","key":"2026081810485632100_cit9","first-page":"40","article-title":"Study\nand application of environmental friendly xanthan\ngum in petroleum exploitation","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod. Chem. 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Tiangong Univ."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081810485632100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.23912","article-title":"Improved viscoelasticity of xanthan\ngum through self-association with surfactant: \u03b2-cyclodextrin\ninclusion complexes for applications in enhanced oil recovery","volume":"55","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081810485632100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1515\/arh-2019-0007","article-title":"Concentration, brine salinity and\ntemperature effects on Xanthan gum solutions rheology","volume":"29","author":"Moura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. 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Today:\nProc."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810485632100_cit22","first-page":"397","article-title":"Grafting of\nAcrylic Acid onto Xanthan Gum by (60) Co Irradiation and Its Resistance\nto Salt","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fine Chem."},{"issue":"08","key":"2026081810485632100_cit23","first-page":"117","article-title":"Advances\nin the Application of Photobacterium phosphoreum\non Joint Toxicity Detection","volume":"45","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Polym."},{"issue":"09","key":"2026081810485632100_cit27","first-page":"40","article-title":"Study\nand application of environmental friendly xanthan\ngum inpetroleum exploitation","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod. Chem. Ind."},{"issue":"05","key":"2026081810485632100_cit28","first-page":"75","article-title":"Synthesis\nand performance evaluation of a new polymer thickener resisting to\nhigh temperature and salt","volume":"29","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Xi\u2019an Shiyou\nUniv. Nat. Sci. Ed."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081810485632100_cit29","first-page":"24","article-title":"Study on a new type\nwater-soluble tackifer","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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Macromol."}],"container-title":["ACS Omega"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c08730","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/32\/47267\/66418502\/acsomega.5c08730.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article-pdf\/11\/32\/47267\/66418502\/acsomega.5c08730.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:09:50Z","timestamp":1787069390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acsodf\/article\/11\/32\/47267\/5246503\/Preparation-and-Evaluation-of-Biopolysaccharide"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c08730","relation":{},"ISSN":["2470-1343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2470-1343","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}}}