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Although the compounds can be quantified directly by high-performance liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC\/MS\u2013MS), methods that are frequently used to measure poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for which standards are not available, like the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay, 19F-NMR and nontarget analysis often employ solid-phase extraction followed by elution in a polar organic solvent, such as methanol. Volatilization of FASAs during open blowdown of polar organic solvent extracts from soil, sediment, or aqueous samples leads to underestimation of PFAS concentrations. To assess the importance of this loss mechanism, we measured recovery of three FASAs under conditions relevant to environmental analysis. Recoveries of FASAs and other neutral PFAS, including FASAAs and FTCAs, from methanol during the nitrogen blowdown step decreased as analyte concentrations decreased, with recoveries of less than 1% at 2 \u03bcg\/L (i.e., a concentration corresponding to about 4 ng\/L in water samples prior to solid-phase extraction). The addition of 10 mM NaOH prior to the blowdown step improved recoveries to greater than 80% for all FASAs. NaOH addition prior to blowdown also resulted in an approximately 40% increase in the concentrations of precursors detected in diluted AFFF as measured with the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay. The increased concentrations could not be explained by analytes for which analytical standards were available. These findings highlight that volatilization during solvent evaporation can be a significant source of analytical bias for a broader class of neutral PFAS, with FASAs serving as an important example.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c10403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T07:00:35Z","timestamp":1772089235000},"page":"14638-14643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaporative Losses of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamides\nduring PFAS Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3116-0296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fuhar","family":"Dixit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Berkeley , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Su\u0308hnholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado School of Mines , , , ,","place":["Golden, Colorado, United States, 80401"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0652-6057","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Berkeley , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth M.","family":"Fries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado School of Mines , , , ,","place":["Golden, Colorado, United States, 80401"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5650-5744","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edmund H.","family":"Antell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Berkeley , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6220-8673","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado School of Mines , , , ,","place":["Golden, Colorado, United States, 80401"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Alvarez-Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Berkeley , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1686-8464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David L.","family":"Sedlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Berkeley , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"2026081508071588300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13603","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b03994","article-title":"Certain perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances\nassociated with aqueous film forming foam are widespread in Canadian\nsurface waters","volume":"51","author":"D\u2019Agostino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081508071588300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8313","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02028","article-title":"Novel Fluoroalkylated\nSurfactants in Soils Following Firefighting Foam Deployment During\nthe Lac-Me\u0301gantic Railway Accident","volume":"51","author":"Mejia-Avendan\u0303o","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081508071588300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04798","article-title":"Per-and polyfluoroalkyl\nsubstances in contaminated soil and groundwater\nat airports: a Canadian case study","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081508071588300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7120","DOI":"10.1021\/es301465n","article-title":"Identification of novel fluorochemicals in aqueous\nfilm-forming foams used by the US military","volume":"46","author":"Place","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081508071588300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13590","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03117","article-title":"Aqueous\nfilm-forming foams exhibit\ngreater interfacial activity than PFOA, PFOS, or FOSA","volume":"54","author":"Costanza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081508071588300_cit6","unstructured":"Alm, R. R.; Stern, R. M.\n          Aqueous film-forming\nfoamable solution useful as fire extinguishing concentrate. US 5,085,786\nA. 1991."},{"key":"2026081508071588300_cit7","unstructured":"Berger, T. W.\n          \n          Aqueous film-forming\nfoam fire extinguisher\n          US 4,359,096 A. 1980."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081508071588300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c04473","article-title":"Spatial trends of\nanionic, zwitterionic,\nand cationic PFASs at an AFFF-impacted site","volume":"55","author":"Nickerson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081508071588300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c07296","article-title":"Isolating\nthe AFFF signature in coastal watersheds using oxidizable PFAS precursors\nand unexplained organofluorine","volume":"55","author":"Ruyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.\nTechnol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081508071588300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8139","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c00522","article-title":"Unsaturated PFOS and other PFASs\nin human serum and drinking water from an AFFF-impacted community","volume":"55","author":"McDonough","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081508071588300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8187","DOI":"10.1021\/es4018877","article-title":"Persistence of perfluoroalkyl\nacid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil","volume":"47","author":"Houtz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Technol."},{"key":"2026081508071588300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10734","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c00906","article-title":"Perfluoroalkane\nSulfonamides and Derivatives, a Different\nClass of PFAS: Sorption and Microbial Biotransformation Insights","volume":"59","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081508071588300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indenv.2024.100055","article-title":"Fluorotelomer\nalcohol (FTOH) emission rates from new and old rain jackets to air\ndetermined by iodide high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"1","author":"Eichler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indoor Environ."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081508071588300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4952","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00792","article-title":"Enhanced extraction of AFFF-associated\nPFASs from source\nzone soils","volume":"54","author":"Nickerson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. 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Impacts"},{"key":"2026081508071588300_cit44","volume-title":"Method 533: determination\nof per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water by isotope\ndilution anion exchange solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography\/tandem\nmass spectrometry","author":"Rosenblum","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026081508071588300_cit45","volume-title":"Determination of selected\nperfluorinated alkyl acids in drinking water by solid phase extraction\nand liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry (LC\/MS\/MS)","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026081508071588300_cit46","volume-title":"EPA Draft Method 1633\nAnalysis of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Aqueous,\nSolid, Biosolids, and Tissue Samples by LC-MS\/MS","author":"Hanley","year":"2021"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081508071588300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7666","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01219","article-title":"Aerobic biotransformation of fluorotelomer thioether\namido sulfonate (Lodyne) in AFFF-amended microcosms","volume":"49","author":"Harding-Marjanovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081508071588300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b06044","article-title":"Shifting\nglobal exposures to poly-and perfluoroalkyl\nsubstances (PFASs) evident in longitudinal birth cohorts from a seafood-consuming\npopulation","volume":"52","author":"Dassuncao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081508071588300_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1039\/c0em00295j","article-title":"PFOS or\nPreFOS? Are perfluorooctane sulfonate precursors (PreFOS) important\ndeterminants of human and environmental perfluorooctane sulfonate\n(PFOS) exposure?","volume":"12","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. 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